University of New Mexico

THE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY CONTRIBUTION TO THE CONSORTIUM INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING: (1) PARTICIPATION IN PLANNING FOR THE OPENING OF THE CSVC AND HANDLING AND TRANSFER OF SAMPLES SO AS TO NOT COMPROMISE THE SAMPLES FOR LOWLEVEL ORGANIC AND VOLATILE-ELEMENT ANALYSES (ESPECIALLY THE NOBLE GASES); (2) PARTICIPATION IN THE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION (JOLLIFF, WANG, AND A GRADUATE STUDENT); (3) CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INITIAL RELEASE OF NOBLE GASES ON OPENING AND DISTURBING THE 73001 CORE FOR COMPARISON TO THE 73002 CORE, WHICH WAS SEALED IN THE STANDARD WAY; (4) ANALYSIS FOR TRACE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS TO DISCERN THE EFFECTS OF CONTAMINATION ON SAMPLES COLLECTED AND SEALED UNDER TYPICAL CONDITIONS VS. THE CSVC AND FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF POSSIBLE METEORITIC- SOURCED ORGANIC CONSTITUENTS; (5) PETROGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS SEPARATED FROM ALONG THE CSVC CORE TO IDENTIFY COMPONENTS THAT MAY BE UNIQUE TO THE SOUTH MASSIF AND ASSOCIATED WITH THE AVALANCHE DEPOSIT TO TEST HYPOTHESES FOR ITS ORIGIN (E.G., POSSIBLE IMPACT-MELT COMPONENTS FROM TYCHO CRATER SECONDARY EJECTA); (6) COORDINATED ANALYSES OF BULK MAJOR- AND TRACE-ELEMENT COMPOSITIONS ALONG CORE INTERVALS (SAME PURPOSE AS (5)); (7) COORDINATED EXPOSURE AGES FOR A SUBSET OF SAMPLES CHARACTERIZED IN (5) AND (6) TO TEST HYPOTHESES FOR THE ORIGIN OF THE AVALANCHE DEPOSIT; (8) MEASUREMENT OF SOLAR-WIND XE TO REFINE THE LUNAR RECORD OF THE SOLAR WIND COMPOSITION AND COMPARE IT TO THAT DETERMINED FROM GENESIS SAMPLES; (9) MEASUREMENT OF INDIGENOUS XE TO DETERMINE THE INDIGENOUS NOBLE GAS CONTENT OF THE MOON; AND (10) PLACE THE CORE SAMPLE DATA WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF APOLLO 17 GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND RECENT ORBITAL DATA. THE INSTITUTIONAL PI FOR WUSTL IS PROF. BRAD JOLLIFF, AND THE OTHER CO-INVESTIGATORS ARE PROFS. ALEX BRADLEY, KUN WANG, RITA PARAI, ALEX MESHIK, AND OLGA PRAVDIVTSEVA. THE GRADUATE STUDENT IS MR. MASON NEUMAN. AS THE INSTITUTIONAL SUBCONTRACT PI, JOLLIFF WILL COORDINATE WUSTL EFFORTS. HE WILL PERFORM ELECTRON AND X-RAY ANALYSES ON SAMPLES FROM THE CSVC CORE TUBE, 73001, AND THE ADJOINING CORE TUBE, 73002. DR. KUN WANG WILL CONDUCT BULK COMPOSITIONAL ANALYSES AND WILL COLLECT ISOTOPIC DATA FOR MODERATELY VOLATILE ELEMENTS AND THEIR ISOTOPES ON SELECTED SAMPLES. DRS. PARAI, MESHIK, AND PRAVDIVTSEVA WILL ANALYZE THE NOBLE GAS CONTENTS FROM THE CORES AND TEST THE NOBLE GAS COMPOSITION INDIGENOUS TO LUNAR SAMPLES AND OF THE SOLAR WIND USING SAMPLES FROM THE CSVC. JOLLIFF AND WANG WILL JOINTLY SUPERVISE A THE GRADUATE STUDENT WHO WILL INTEGRATE ANALYTICAL METHODS AND APPROACHES, AND INTERACT WITH OTHER MEMBERS OF THE TEAM. NOMINAL ANALYTICAL LABORATORY ALLOCATIONS (NUMBER OF SAMPLES, NUMBER OF ANALYSIS DAYS, ETC.) ARE LISTED IN THE BUDGET DETAILS. THESE ANALYTICAL ALLOCATIONS ARE ESTIMATES BASED ON OUR ANTICIPATION OF THE WORKLOAD ASSOCIATED WITH PROPOSED TASKS. THE SPECIFIC NUMBERS OF SAMPLES THAT WILL BE ANALYZED, HOWEVER, DEPENDS ON THE NATURE OF WHAT WE FIND AS SAMPLES ARE IDENTIFIED AND PRELIMINARILY EXAMINED IN ADVANCE OF DETAILED ANALYSIS.

STATEMENT OF WORK JULIE STOPAR, PH.D WILL SERVE AS INSTITUTIONAL PL AND A MEMBER OF THE CASA MOON SCIENCE TEAM, INCLUDING RESEARCH AND MISSION OPERATIONS AND SUPPORT ROLES AS NEEDED IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS: • ESTABLISHING LINKAGES BETWEEN EXISTING ORBITAL DATA, SAMPLES, FUTURE EXPLORATION SITES, AND UPCOMING DATA SETS • CONNECTING SAMPLE CHRONOLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY TO ORBITAL REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR LUNAR PYROCLASTIC AND OTHER VOLCANIC DEPOSITS • INVESTIGATING THE COMPOSITIONAL DIVERSITY OF PYROCLASTIC MATERIALS AND UNDERSTANDING HOW THEY RELATE TO THE EVOLUTION OF VOLCANISM AND THE LUNAR INTERIOR • PARTICIPATE IN REGULAR MEETINGS/TELECONFERENCE CALLS, AS NEEDED • ATTEND THE KICKOFF MEETING • PREPARE AND PRESENT PAPERS AND PUBLICATIONS AS NEEDED • SUPPORT PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT ACTIVITIES FOR BROADENING IMPACT AND ACCESSIBILITY OF RESEARCH • ORGANIZE SCIENCE TEAM THEME GROUPS AND MEETINGS AS NEEDED DR. STOPAR WILL PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING DELIVERABLES: • PROVIDE ACTIVITY SUMMARIES MONTHLY/ANNUALLY • CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS AND ABSTRACTS • RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS • CONTRIBUTIONS TO AND SUPPORT OF MISSION WEB AND MEDIA CONTENT • SUPPORT THE INCLUSION PLAN

THE WORK BEING CONDUCTED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME BY INSTITUTIONAL PI NEAL AND HIS TEAM IS AS FOLLOWS: TASK 1. VOLATILE RESERVES. SUB-TASK BULK REGOLITH VOLATILES. USING THE METHOD (BURNEY ET AL., 2017; BURNEY AND NEAL, 2018) DEVELOPED IN THE NOTRE DAME MIDWEST ISOTOPE AND TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH ANALYTICAL CENTER (MITERAC), WE WILL UNDERTAKE SOLUTION MODE ICP-MS ANALYSES OF BULK SAMPLES TO QUANTIFY A RANGE OF MODERATELY VOLATILE ELEMENTS FROM 73001 AND 73002 SAMPLES, AS WELL AS SELECT ANALYSES OF SAMPLES FROM OTHER APOLLO 17 REGOLITH SAMPLES (FOR COMPARATIVE PURPOSES). THESE OTHER SAMPLES WILL BE SELECTED DURING DISCUSSIONS WITH THE TEAM ONCE THE PROPOSAL HAS BEEN FUNDED. TASK 2. NEW SAMPLES TO RECONSTRUCT MAGMATIC, VOLATILE-THERMAL-IMPACT HISTORY OF THE MOON. SUB-TASK IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF MAGMATIC AND IMPACT LITHOLOGIES. THIS WILL INVOLVED OPTICAL MINERALOGY AND ELEMENTAL MAPS TO PRODUCE PHOTO-MOSAICS OF EACH SAMPLE. EACH SAMPLE WILL HAVE CRYSTAL SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS CONSTRUCTED FOR ALL PHASES, AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF MAJOR AND TRACE ELEMENTS (VIA ELECTRON MICROPROBE AND LA-ICP-MS, RESPECTIVELY) TO UNDERSTAND ORIGIN (CF NEAL ET AL., 2015) AND EVOLUTION (CF DONOHUE AND NEAL, 2015, 2018) OF THESE SAMPLES. WE WILL ALSO DETERMINE UNCONVENTIONAL ISOTOPES (I.E., CA, FE) AS THERE IS DOCUMENTED HETEROGENEITY IN THESE ISOTOPES BETWEEN CRUST AND MANTLE (CA AND FE ISOTOPES) AND BETWEEN VARIOUS MANTLE RESERVOIRS (IN FE ISOTOPES, BUT NOT CA) (E.G., WEYER ET AL., 2007; SIMON AND DEPAOLO, 2010; BERMINGHAM ET AL., 2011; VALDES ET AL., 2014). TASK 2. NEW SAMPLES TO RECONSTRUCT MAGMATIC, VOLATILE-THERMAL-IMPACT HISTORY OF THE MOON. SUB-TASK ICP-OES AND ICP-MS BULK MAJOR AND TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSES OF IMPACT AND MAGMATIC LITHOLOGIES. USING THE NOTRE DAME FACILITIES WE WILL UNDERTAKE BULK ROCK ANALYSES OF THE MAGMATIC AND IMPACT LITHOLOGIES USING THE COMBINED ICP-OES AND ICP-MS METHOD DESCRIBED IN FAGAN AND NEAL (2016), WHERE MAJOR AND TRACE ELEMENT DATA WERE PRODUCED FROM ONLY A FEW MILLIGRAMS OF FINE-GRAINED BASALTIC MATERIAL. TASK 3. STRATIGRAPHY AND CHRONOLOGY OF A LUNAR AVALANCHE DEPOSIT. SUB-TASK ESTABLISH THE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE AVALANCHE DEPOSIT. THE DATA FROM THE ANALYSES CONDUCTED IN TASKS 1 AND 2 WILL BE INTEGRATED WITH OTHER DATA AS THE SAMPLES TAKEN FOR ANALYSIS WILL HAVE THEIR LOCATION WITHIN THE CORE RECORDED. BECAUSE OF THE DATA THE NOTRE DAME GROUP WILL PRODUCE, WE WILL BE HEAVILY INVOLVED. TASK 5. PROVIDE AN EVALUATION OF SAMPLE COLLECTION, PRESERVATION, AND CURATION OF VOLATILE-BEARING SAMPLES. BASED UPON THE RESULTS OF OUR MODERATELY VOLATILE ELEMENT ANALYSES, THE NOTRE DAME GROUP WILL BE INVOLVED IN THIS EVALUATION. TASK 6. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION. PI NEAL AND THE GRADUATE STUDENT WILL TRAVEL TO JSC TO BE PART OF THE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION TEAM. TASK 7. PLACE THE DOUBLE DRILL CORE AND DATA WITHIN THE GEOLOGICAL CONTEXT. SUB-TASK EXAMINE SURFACE SAMPLES ASSOCIATED WITH THE AVALANCHE DEPOSIT. WE WILL APPLY THE QUANTITATIVE PETROGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES, AS WELL AS ELECTRON MICROPROBE AND ICP-MS ANALYTICAL CAPABILITIES DESCRIBED ABOVE TO THIS ASPECT OF THE PROPOSAL. THIS WORK WILL BEGIN IN YEAR 1.

SUMMARY: NICOLLE ZELLNER (PHYSICS) HAS BEEN INVITED BY DR. CHARLES SHEARER (UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO) TO BE A CO-INVESTIGATOR ON THE CASA MOON SSERVI (SOLAR SYSTEM EXPLORATION AND RESEARCH VIRTUAL INSTITUTE) TEAM. THIS SSERVI NODE WILL FILL CRITICAL GAPS IN THE PREVIOUS SSERVI SCIENCE-EXPLORATION PORTFOLIO, COMPLEMENT CURRENT NASA ACTIVITIES, AND FULFILL RECENT NATIONAL ACADEMY ANALYSES OF NASA'S FUTURE ANALYTICAL NEEDS. IT WILL PROVIDE ADVANCED AND FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSES OF ASTROMATERIALS THAT WILL BE UTILIZED BY OTHER SELECTED SSERVI NODES. SCIENCE THEMES TO BE ADDRESSED INCLUDE: 1) RECONSTRUCTING THE CHRONOLOGY OF MAJOR LUNAR AND SOLAR SYSTEM EVENTS AND PROCESSES (E.G. ACCRETION, CRUST FORMATION, MANTLE EVOLUTION, BASIN FORMATION); 2) ESTABLISHING A STABLE ISOTOPE PERSPECTIVE OF VOLATILE ELEMENT BEHAVIOR DURING THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF LUNAR VOLATILE RESERVOIRS; AND 3) EXAMINING THE ROLE OF VOLATILES IN ACCRETION, PLANETARY DIFFERENTIATION AND EVOLUTION. THIS NODE WILL ALSO PERFORM TASKS THAT ARE DIRECTLY TIED TO RETIRING THE MOST RECENT STRATEGIC KNOWLEDGE GAPS FOR THE MOON AS IDENTIFIED BY THE LUNAR EXPLORATION AND ANALYSIS GROUP. THIS INCLUDES THE COLLECTION, HANDLING, AND PRESERVATION OF VOLATILE-RICH SAMPLES DURING ROBOTIC AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES AND EXPLORING POTENTIAL VOLATILE RESOURCES ASSOCIATED WITH PYROCLASTIC AND IMPACT DEPOSITS. FINALLY, THE NODE WILL SUPPORT AND COORDINATE NEW LUNAR SCIENCE INITIATIVES THAT INVOLVE ALL SSERVI NODES, INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS, AND THE PLANETARY SCIENCE COMMUNITY AND IDENTIFY NEW LUNAR SAMPLES FROM LUNAR BRECCIAS AND METEORITE THAT WILL BE MADE AVAILABLE TO THE PLANETARY COMMUNITY. ZELLNER"S WORK: AS CO-LEADER AND COORDINATOR OF THE STUDIES RELATED TO UNDERSTANDING THE MOON"S IMPACT HISTORY (SCIENCE THEME 1), ZELLNER WILL SELECT AND ANALYZE LUNAR IMPACT GLASSES (HER SPECIALTY), IN SUPPORT OF TASKS 1, 2 AND 5. SHE WILL ALSO PARTICIPATE IN THE SELECTION AND ANALYSES OF LUNAR VOLCANIC GLASSES (IN SUPPORT OF TASKS 3, 4 AND 5). IN BOTH CASES, SHE WILL BE INVOLVED IN INTERPRETING ANALYTICAL RESULTS IN THE CONTEXTS OF THE HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF THE MOON. ZELLNER WILL ALSO LEAD AND COORDINATE EFFORTS RELATED TO AND IN SUPPORT OF THE INCLUSION PLAN, THE COMMUNITY IDEA PLAN, AND THE SCIENCE ACTIVATION / CITIZEN SCIENCE / PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT PLAN TIME AND EFFORT: ZELLNER IS BUDGETED FOR TWO SUMMER MONTHS FOR SAMPLE SELECTION AND ANALYSES IN YEARS 1 AND 2 AND FOR DATA ANALYSES AND INTERPRETATION AND WRITING MANUSCRIPTS IN YEARS 3-5. SHE IS ALSO BUDGETED FOR 10 HOURS PER MONTH IN SUPPORT OF THE INCLUSION PLAN, THE COMMUNITY IDEA PLAN, AND THE SCIENCE ACTIVATION / CITIZEN SCIENCE / PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT PLAN (FOR A TOTAL OF 0.75 MONTHS PER YEAR). THE TOTAL OF THE BUDGETED HOURS ALSO INCLUDE MONTHLY AND ANNUAL SSERVI TEAM MEETINGS AND CONFERENCES.

IN THE PROPOSAL TITLED CASA MOON, INSTITUTIONAL PI DOTTIN AND THE PROPOSED GRADUATE STUDENT WILL BE PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE FOR PERFORMING SULFUR ISOTOPE ANALYSES ON A VARIETY OF LUNAR MATERIALS, INCLUDING BRECCIAS, FANS, SOILS, AND GLASSES. THESE ANALYSES WILL BE PERFORMED AT BROWN UNIVERSITY. ONCE SAMPLES ARE PROCESSED AT UNM AND JSC AND SENT TO DOTTIN, THE SAMPLES WILL BE DIGESTED IN ACIDS TO EXTRACT SULFUR COMPOUNDS AND THAT ARE ULTIMATELY CONVERTED INTO PURIFIED SF6. THE SF6 WILL THEN BE INTRODUCED INTO A STATE-OF-THE-ART DUAL INLET GAS SOURCE ISOTOPE RATIO MASS SPECTROMETER. ONCE DATA IS COLLECTED, DOTTIN AND THE GRADUATE STUDENT WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ARCHIVING AND MAKING THE DATA PUBLICLY AVAILABLE THROUGH DATA REPOSITORIES, CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS, AND JOURNAL MANUSCRIPTS. DOTTIN AND THE GRADUATE STUDENT WILL PARTICIPATE IN ALL TEAM MEETINGS AND PRESENT FINDINGS AT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES. AS OUTLINED IN THE PROPOSAL, DOTTIN AND THE GRADUATE STUDENT WILL ALSO WORK WITH MANY OF THE OTHER TEAM MEMBERS IN A COLLABORATIVE EFFORT IN THE INTERPRETATION OF DATA AND PUBLICATION OF MANUSCRIPTS.

CU INSTITUTIONAL PI AARON S. BELL WILL BE INVOLVED IN THE VAPOR SUB-TEAM AND CONDUCT WORK OUTLINED IN TASK 4 AS DESCRIBED IN THE PROPOSAL. SPECIFICALLY, THIS WORK WILL CONSIST OF PERFORMING PHASE EQUILIBRIA EXPERIMENTS TO QUANTIFY THE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS FOR SEVERAL MODERATELY VOLATILE ELEMENTS IN LUNAR BASALTIC LIQUIDS OF VARIABLE COMPOSITION. THESE EXPERIMENTS WILL BE CONDUCTED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO. THE ANALYSIS OF THESE EXPERIMENT WILL BE CONDUCTED BY A.S. BELL AT THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER. THE RESULTS FROM THESE EXPERIMENTS WILL ULTIMATELY BE INCORPORATED INTO NEW THERMODYNAMIC MODELS THAT CAN ACCURATELY ASSESS THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE PRIMORDIAL MVES BUDGET OF LUNAR BASALTIC MAGMAS HAVE BEEN ALTERED BY ERUPTIVE OUTGASSING. THESE EFFORTS ARE CRITICAL FOR SHEDDING GENERATING ACCURATE ESTIMATES FOR THE MASS OF VOLATILE RESERVOIRS IN THE LUNAR INTERIOR.

DR. PAUL G. LUCEY AND MS. LINGZHI SUN WILL PROVIDE EXPERTISE IN THE USE OF THE SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETER TO BE USED FOR THIS PROJECT. MS. SUN IS EXPERIENCED IN THE HANDLING AND SPECTRAL MEASUREMENT OF LUNAR SOILS.

1) PROVIDE FACULTY EXPERTISE TO ADVISE AND SUPPORT CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT THAT WILL SUPPORT STUDENTS IN 3D EDUCATION. 2) SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROGRAMMING FOR STUDENTS IN NEW MEXICO TO ENGAGE WITH LOCAL ENTREPRENEURS AND EXPERTS TO CREATE AND COMPETE IN A 3D CHALLENGE FOR K-12, COLLEGE, AND COMMUNITY TEAMS. 3) PARTICIPATE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A REAL-TIME 3D PIPELINE BY ATTENDING "TRAIN THE TRAINER" SESSIONS. 4) LEAD ONE WORKSHOP USING UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO DEVELOPED CURRICULUM AND EQUIPMENT. 5) PROVIDE ACCESS TO WEB 3 SPACE AND RESOURCES HOSTED BY CNM AND CNM INGENUITY'S SPACE SOLUTIONS. 6) PARTICIPATE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVITIES AND COMMUNICATION DESIGNED TO ENGAGE NEW MEXICO STAKEHOLDERS.

REPRESENTATIONS, THEORY, AND ALGORITHMS FOR AUTONOMOUS SPACE DOMAIN AWARENESS IN THE CISLUNAR REGIME

RUN A LARGE MATRIX OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL AXIALLY SYMMETRIC HYDROXIDE SIMULATIONS OF SMALL ASTEROIDS IN EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE, WITH VARIOUS ABLATION AND FRAGMENTATION MODELS, USING DISTENDED AND GRAVATATIONALLY-STABALIZED ATMOSPHERE TO SIMULATE NON-VERTICAL ENTRY ANGLES, AND ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT TO RESOLVE THE ASTEROID AS WELL AS TRACK THE RESULTING SHOCK WAVE PROPAGATION IN BOTH REVERSE-BALLISTIC AND FORWARD BALLISTIC REFERENCE FRAMES.

FFATA: HIGHRESOLUTION FOREST CARBON MONITORING AND MODELING: CONTINUED PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT AND DEPLOYMENT AND SCIENCE TEAM LEAD