The Regents of the University of Colorado

THIS PROPOSAL WILL CONTINUE AND EXPAND THE RESEARCH INITIATED IN THE CURRENT AFOSR GRANT WITH AFOSR. TEXAS A&M/TEES PROPOSES RESEARCH IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS. THE RESEARCH MAY NOT BE LIMITED TO THESE AREAS. TRACK ASSOCIATION IN CISLUNAR SPACE WE WILL EXTEND THE RESEARCH COMPLETED IN THE CURRENT GRANT TO CISLUNAR SPACE. THE MEAN MODIFIED EQUINOCTIAL ELEMENTS RESULTED IN ALMOST LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS THAT WERE VALID FOR MANY ORBITS. NO KNOWN EQUIVALENT APPROACH EXISTS IN CISLUNAR SPACE. NEW APPROACHES FOR PROPAGATING THE SYSTEM UNCERTAINTY WILL BE NECESSARY. AREAS OF RESEARCH WILL INCLUDE GAUSSIAN SUMS AND MONTE CARLO. RELATIVE MOTION IN CISLUNAR SPACE SATELLITE FORMATIONS AND STATIONKEEPING REQUIRE DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATIVE MOTION OF SPACE OBJECTS. FOR OBJECTS IN EARTH OBJECT THIS RELATIVELY STRAIGHTFORWARD WHEN USING DIFFERENTIAL ORBITAL ELEMENTS EVEN WHEN INCLUDING GRAVITATIONAL PERTURBATIONS. AS WITH TRACK ASSOCIATION THE DYNAMICAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE CISLUNAR ENVIRONMENT IS DIFFERENT AND THERE IS NO ANALOG TO THE ORBITAL ELEMENTS THAT LEAD TO A NICE SET OF LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS. THE OBJECTIVE HERE WILL BE TO DETERMINE OPTIONS FOR DESCRIBING THE RELATIVE MOTION OF SPACE OBJECTS. LUNAR ANALYTIC ORBIT THEORY FOR MOTION NEAR THE MOON UNDER THE CURRENT GRANT WE HAVE DEVELOPED AN ANALYTIC ORBIT THEORY FOR THE NON-SPHERICAL GRAVITATIONAL PERTURBATIONS. WORK HAS BEGUN ON EXTENDING THIS THEORY BY ADDING THE 3RD BODY PERTURBATIONS. WE PLAN TO CONTINUE THIS WORK TO DEVELOP THIS NEW THEORY AND ITS USE IN FINDING SPECIAL TYPES OF ORBITS LIKE LUNAR FROZEN ORBITS. IT MAY ALSO BE A GOOD APPROACH FOR RELATIVE MOTION OF ORBITS ABOUT THE MOON. A KEY PART OF THIS PROGRAM WILL BE COLLABORATION BETWEEN THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AND TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY ON RESEARCH PROJECTS AND ADVISING GRADUATE STUDENTS. THIS PROPOSAL CONTINUES THE RESEARCH DR. SCHEERES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AND I HAVE PERFORMED OVER THE PAST NINE YEARS WITH AFOSR. THIS RESEARCH FOCUSED ON PRESSING PROBLEMS IN SPACE DOMAIN AWARENESS (SDA) ABOUT THE EARTH. THIS PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL EXPAND PREVIOUS WORK AND FOCUS ON SDA IN CISLUNAR SPACE. CISLUNAR SPACE IS MORE DYNAMICALLY CHALLENGING BECAUSE OF THE EFFECTS OF THE EARTH AND SUN. IN MUCH OF CISLUNAR SPACE THE DYNAMICAL SYSTEM WILL BE THE RESTRICTED THREE BODY PROBLEM. EVEN THOUGH THE DYNAMICAL ENVIRONMENT IS MORE CHALLENGING MANY OF THE SAME PROBLEMS EXIST, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO ASSOCIATING TRACKS TO OBTAIN INITIAL ORBITS OF SPACE OBJECTS, MANEUVER DETECTION, CHANGE DETECTION, SENSOR SCHEDULING. ALONG WITH THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO TEXAS A&M WILL PERFORM RESEARCH IN THESE AREAS.

THE SCOPE OF THIS EFFORT INCLUDES TASKS TO COMPLETE THE 21-CM COSMOLOGY INSTRUMENT PRELIMINARY DESIGN, WITHIN REQUIREMENTS WITH APPROPRIATE MARGINS, ACCEPTABLE RISKS, AND WITHIN COST AND SCHEDULE RESTRAINTS. TO THIS END, NRAO HAS IDENTIFIED THE WORK REQUIRED DURING THIS TIME PERIOD FOR THE INSTRUMENT BASED ON THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COMPONENT DESIGN ENVIRONMENTS AND THE EXPECTED OPERATING ENVIRONMENT. THIS WORK FOCUSES ON THE PRELIMINARY DESIGN AND TESTING OF THE RF SIGNAL PROCESSING/CALIBRATION & DSP DEVELOPMENT/EVALUATION PLATFORM. IT INCLUDES DEVELOPMENT OF TWO PRE-FLIGHT PROTOTYPE MODULES FOR RF SIGNAL PROCESSING/CALIBRATION AND ONE DSP DEVELOPMENT/EVALUATION PLATFORM FOR DEFINING AND VERIFYING THE APPROACHES TO DATA ACQUISITION, REAL TIME ANALYSIS, AND STORAGE (SEE FIGURE 1). THE FOLLOWING SPECIFIC WORK ELEMENTS ARE PROPOSED TO FURTHER DEVELOP THE RF SIGNAL PROCESSING/CALIBRATION AND THE DSP DEVELOPMENT/EVALUATION PLATFORM: 1. NRAO SCIENCE PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR (PI) OVERALL SCIENTIFIC LEAD FOR WORK AT NRAO. THE NRAO PI ENSURES THAT THE RF SIGNAL PROCESSING/CALIBRATION ALONG WITH DSP DEVELOPMENT/EVALUATION PLATFORM MEETS THE SCIENTIFIC MISSION OF 21-CM COSMOLOGY INSTRUMENT. 2. NRAO PROJECT MANAGEMENT (PM) OVERALL PROJECT MANAGEMENT OF WORK PERFORMED AT NRAO, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, TEAM COORDINATION AND COMMUNICATION, PROJECT REVIEWS, FINANCIAL REPORTING, AND TRAVEL. DELIVERABLES INCLUDE: " MONTHLY FINANCIAL REPORTS TO NASA PM; " SCHEDULE INPUTS TO NASA PM; " INPUTS TO RISK REGISTER AND ASSOCIATE MITIGATION PLANS. 3. NRAO SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (SE) OVERALL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING SUPPORT OF THE WORK PERFORMED AT NRAO AND COORDINATION OF DESIGN WORK AND INTERFACES AT PARTNER INSTITUTIONS. WORK INCLUDES, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING OF THE RF SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CALIBRATION ALONG WITH DSP DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION PLATFORM. THE NRAO SE WILL INTERFACE WITH THE NASA SE TO ENSURE COMPONENT AND SUBSYSTEM LEVEL REQUIREMENTS ARE MAPPED AND TESTED. DELIVERABLES INCLUDE: " COMPONENT- AND SUBSYSTEM-LEVEL REQUIREMENTS; " INTERFACE CONTROL DOCUMENT INPUTS. 4. EMI SUPPRESSION FOR RF SUBSYSTEMS ASSESS THE EMI POTENTIAL OF THE LCM, CRM, AND THERMAL CONTROL SYSTEM AND DEVELOP EFFECTIVE MITIGATION ACTIONS INCLUDING FILTERS, FERRITES, AND THE ELIMINATION OF GROUND LOOPS. DELIVERABLES INCLUDE: " RF SUBSYSTEM EMI SUPPRESSION MITIGATION ASSESSMENT AND LAB TEST DATA. SPECIFIC TASKS INCLUDED IN THIS WORK ELEMENT ARE AS FOLLOWS: A. ASSESSMENT OF THE EMI ENVIRONMENT ON-BOARD THE SPACECRAFT, IDENTIFY REQUIRED MEASUREMENTS. B. MEASUREMENT OF RFI FROM SPACECRAFT SUBSYSTEMS. C. DEVISE OVERALL FILTERING AND SHIELDING TO MITIGATE COUPLING OF RFI INTO THE RF MODULES. D. IMPLEMENT AND TEST OF LCM AND CRM MODULES FOR COMPLIANCE. E. REVISE EMI MITIGATION, IF NECESSARY. F. FINAL RFI MEASUREMENTS OF LCM AND CRM MODULES FOR COMPLIANCE. 3 5. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PATCH ANTENNA ASSESS THE FEASIBILITY OF USING A PATCH ANTENNA. DELIVERABLES INCLUDE: " ENGINEERING MODEL SPECIFIC TASKS INCLUDED IN THIS WORK ELEMENT ARE AS FOLLOWS: A. DESIGN PATCH ANTENNA ENGINEERING MODEL (EM). B. CONSTRUCT ENGINEERING MODEL PROTOTYPE. C. CONSTRUCT SCALE MODEL FOR RADIOMETRIC TESTS. D. PERFORM FUNCTIONAL TESTS ON PROTOTYPE. E. INTEGRATE PROTOTYPE WITH LCM, CRM AND SIGNAL PROCESSING SYSTEM. F. PERFORM SUBSYSTEM FUNCTIONAL TESTS. G. MODIFY PATCH ANTENNA ENGINEERING PROTOTYPE FOR CTP FIELD INSTALLATION. H. MODIFY PATCH ANTENNA DESIGN FOR DAPPER FORM, FIT, AND FUNCTION. I. [TBD LATER] FABRICATION OF TRL6 PROTOTYPE. 6. DEVELOPMENT/EVALUATION PLATFORM AND SOFTWARE FOR THE DSP BACKEND IT IS NECESSARY TO DEVELOP AND VERIFY THE COMPLETE SIGNAL PROCESSING REQUIREMENTS AND OPERATIONAL PATHWAY FOR THE SCIENCE INSTRUMENT BACK-END BEFORE FLIGHT PLATFORM IMPLEMENTATION. THIS SYSTEM WILL ALSO BE USED TO VERIFY COMPLIANCE OF THE SCIENCE INSTRUMENT FRONT-END (WP6). DELIVERABLES INCLUDE --> PLEASE EMAIL OCGSUBS@COLORADO.EDU FOR REMAINDER OF STATEMENT OF WORK.

OVER YEAR 1 OF THE PROJECT, DRAPER WILL WORK WITH CU"BOULDER TO HELP SUPPORT THE EXPERIMENTAL PROTOCOL DEVELOPMENT IN THE DISORIENTATION RESEARCH DEVICE (DRD). THIS WILL INVOLVE REGULAR TELECONFERENCE MEETINGS WITH COLLABORATORS AT CU"BOULDER, MANAGERS AND ENGINEERS AT NAMRU"D AND NASA HRP. IN YEAR 2 OF THE PROJECT, DRAPER WILL ASSIST IN SETTING UP AND PILOT TESTING PROTOCOLS IN THE DRD. THIS IS ESTIMATED TO TAKE 1"2 WEEKS OF TIME ON"SITE AT NAMRU"D (DAYTON, OH). WHILE THE PRIMARY EXPERIMENTS ARE BEING PERFORMED, DRAPER WILL COLLABORATE REMOTELY WITH CU"BOULDER. IN YEAR 3, DRAPER WILL COLLABORATE WITH CU"BOULDER TO PERFORM DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION THROUGH REGULAR TELECONFERENCE MEETINGS. DRAPER WILL INTEGRATE THE MODEL"BASED COUNTERMEASURE WITH EXISTING RTPM SOFTWARE FOR ACTIVE MANUAL CONTROL AND GUIDANCE PERFORMANCE THAT WILL BE TESTED AND VALIDATED THOUGH THE EXPERIMENTS AT NAMRU"D. AT LEAST ONE DRAPER REPRESENTATIVE TO WILL ATTEND AND HELP PRESENT PROJECT PROGRESS AND RESULTS AT THE NASA HRP INVESTIGATOR"S WORKSHOP EACH YEAR IN GALVESTON, TX. DRAPER WILL HELP SUPPORT AND ADVISE THE CU"BOULDER GRADUATE STUDENT. DRAPER WILL WORK WITH CU"BOULDER ON WRITING AND SUBMITTING PUBLICATIONS FOR PEER"REVIEW AND DISSEMINATING RESULTS.

"THE SPACE SCIENCES LABORATORY (SSL) AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY (UCB) WILL SUPPORT THE PROPOSED EFFORT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, BOULDER (CU), NASA AMES, AND THE NATIONAL RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY (NRAO) THE UCB/SSL WILL PROVIDE SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT AND EXPERTISE ON LF RADIO ANTENNA DESIGN AND RECEIVER TECHNOLOGY, AS WELL AS EXPERTISE ON INSTRUMENT AND SPACECRAFT MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, INSTRUMENT ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING REQUIREMENTS, AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND INSTRUMENT MANAGEMENT."

STATEMENT OF WORK THIS FIVE-YEAR STUDY WILL FOCUS ON EVOLVING THE DESIGN OF THE COSMIC TWILIGHT POLARIMETER (CTP), A GROUND-BASED ENGINEERING PROTOTYPE OF THE DARK AGES RADIO EXPLORER (DARE) SCIENCE INSTRUMENT, INTO AN ELEMENT OF A LOW FREQUENCY ARRAY SUITABLE FOR DEPLOYMENT ON THE LUNAR SURFACE. TECHNICAL ISSUES TO BE EXPLORED INCLUDE RADIOMETER CALIBRATION, INTER-ELEMENT OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS, ARRAY METROLOGY CONCEPTS, AND SIGNAL PROCESSING OPTIONS. THE FIRST TWO YEARS WILL INVOLVE MODELING AND SIMULATIONS FOLLOWED BY FIELD AND LABORATORY EVALUATIONS OF PROOF-OF-CONCEPT TECHNOLOGY PATHFINDERS IN YEARS THREE THROUGH FIVE.

ASU WILL CONTRIBUTE EXPERT KNOWLEDGE OF RADIO ASTRONOMY ANTENNA DESIGN AND LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE EDGES GROUND-BASED EXPERIMENT. ASU"S SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES WILL BE: 1. MODEL VARIOUS ANTENNA PROPERTIES FOR LUNAR RADIO ARRAYS 2. ANALYZE ANTENNA MODELS TO FORECAST PERFORMANCE FOR DARK AGES AND COSMIC DAWN SCIENCE APPLICATIONS 3. APPLY AND ADAPT DESIGN LESSONS FROM THE EDGES EXPERIMENT 4. CONDUCT OUTREACH AND PUBLIC EDUCATION ACTIVITIES SUCH AS VISITS TO LOCAL SCHOOL GROUPS

LUNAR COMPACT INFRARED SYSTEM (LCIRIS)

CO-I PETR POKORNY WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR PROVIDING THE METEOROID IMPACT FLUXES AT LUNAR SURFACE FROM MOST ABUNDANT SOURCE REGIONS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM. DR. POKORNY WILL MAINTAIN THE SUITE OF DYNAMICAL MODELS, PERFORM ANALYSES AND MODEL ADJUSTMENTS TO KEEP THE MODEL THE BEST SUITED FOR LMM NEEDS AND TO ENSURE THAT LMM MEETS ALL NECESSARY REQUIREMENTS. DR. POKORNY WILL PROVIDE ACCURATE PREDICTIONS OF METEOROID NUMBER FLUX, METEOROID IMPACT VELOCITY, AND ENERGY FOR ANY GIVEN LOCATION ON THE MOON CONSIDERING THE TOPOGRAPHICAL PROFILE OF A SELECTED LOCATION. THIS WILL BE ACHIEVED USING A FRAMEWORK DR. POKORNY DEVELOPED IN RECENT YEARS AND SUCCESSFULLY USED ON MULTIPLE AIRLESS BODIES IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

AT UCLA, CO-I FURLANETTO, POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCHER MIROCHA, AND A GRADUATE STUDENT (TO BE NAMED) WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR LEADING THE THEORETICAL AND ANALYSIS COMPONENTS OF NESS"S ASTROPHYSICS KEY PROJECT, IMPROVING MODELS OF THE COSMIC DAWN AND DEVELOPING TOOLS TO ANALYZE DATA FROM LUNAR FARSIDE TELESCOPES. YEAR 1: FURLANETTO AND MIROCHA WILL DEVELOP ALGORITHMS TO RELATE SOURCE MODELS TO SPIN-FLIP BACKGROUND MEASUREMENTS FROM POTENTIAL LUNAR FARSIDE INTERFEROMETERS BY EXPANDING CODES USED TO ANALYZE OTHER EARLY UNIVERSE DATA. YEAR 2: MIROCHA WILL CONTINUE TO DEVELOP ANALYSIS ALGORITHMS. FURLANETTO AND THE GRADUATE STUDENT WILL FORMULATE A THEORETICAL MODEL OF THE INTERACTION OF THE FIRST SOURCES AND THEIR RADIATION FIELDS. YEAR 3: FURLANETTO WILL EMBED THE THEORETICAL MODELS IN "SEMI-NUMERIC" CALCULATIONS TO MAKE PREDICTIONS FOR LUNAR FARSIDE INTERFEROMETERS. THE GRADUATE STUDENT WILL LINK THIS WITH THE ANALYSIS ALGORITHMS, EXPANDING THEM TO INCLUDE GALAXY SURVEYS. YEAR 4: THE GRADUATE STUDENT AND FURLANETTO WILL EXPAND THE ANALYSIS ALGORITHMS TO INCLUDE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND MEASUREMENTS, GALAXY CLUSTERING, AND OTHER OBSERVATIONS OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE. THEY WILL FORECAST CONSTRAINTS FROM LUNAR FARSIDE MEASUREMENTS AND IDENTIFY THE KEY SCIENCE IMPROVEMENTS FROM SUCH EFFORTS. YEAR 5: THE GRADUATE STUDENT WILL USE THE ANALYSIS TOOLS DEVELOPED HERE TO MAKE A TRADE STUDY OF INSTRUMENT PARAMETERS FOR A LUNAR FARSIDE INTERFEROMETER. FURLANETTO WILL INVESTIGATE HOW TO INTEGRATE THE ASTROPHYSICS MODELING WITH FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS PROBLEMS IN ORDER TO MEASURE HOW MUCH INFORMATION CAN BE EXTRACTED ABOUT THE LATTER QUESTIONS WITH FUTURE INSTRUMENTS. STEVEN FURLANETTO NESS CO-INVESTIGATOR CURRENT POSITION PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES PHONE (310) 206-4127; SFURLANE@ASTRO.UCLA.EDU ROLE IN NESS DR. FURLANETTO WILL LEAD THE THEORETICAL ASTROPHYSICS TEAM. HE IS AN EXPERT IN MODELS OF STAR AND BLACK HOLE FORMATION IN THE EARLY UNIVERSE AND CALCULATIONS OF THE 21-CM BACKGROUND. HE HAS ALSO MENTORED THREE PHD STUDENTS AND THREE POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCHERS DURING HIS EIGHT YEARS AT UCLA. EXPERIENCE RELATED TO NESS/SSERVI 2016-: CO-INVESTIGATOR, WFIRST EXTRAGALACTIC POTENTIAL OBSERVATIONS (EXPO) SCIENCE INVESTIGATION TEAM 2013-: CO-INVESTIGATOR, HYDROGEN EPOCH OF REIONIZATION ARRAY (HERA) 2008-14: CO-INVESTIGATOR AND STEERING COMMITTEE MEMBER, LUNAR UNIVERSITY NETWORK FOR ASTROPHYSICS RESEARCH (LUNAR; NASA NATIONAL LUNAR SCIENCE INSTITUTE) EDUCATION PH.D., ASTRONOMY, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, 2003 A.M., ASTRONOMY, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, 2001 M.S., APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, 1999 B.A., PHYSICS, CARLETON COLLEGE, 1998 RELEVANT AWARDS AND HONORS 2011: HELEN B. WARNER PRIZE, AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 2010: ALFRED P. SLOAN FELLOWSHIP 2008: BOK PRIZE, HARVARD UNIVERSITY 2008: DAVID AND LUCILE PACKARD FELLOWSHIP SELECTED PUBLICATIONS (99 REFEREED PUBLICATIONS, 6,009 TOTAL CITATIONS, H-INDEX 43) SUN, G., S. R. FURLANETTO, 2016, CONSTRAINTS ON THE STAR FORMATION EFFICIENCY OF GALAXIES DURING THE EPOCH OF REIONIZATION, MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY, IN PRESS ROBERTSON, B., R. S. ELLIS, S. R. FURLANETTO, J. S. DUNLOP, COSMIC REIONIZATION AND EARLY STAR-FORMING GALAXIES: A JOINT ANALYSIS OF NEW CONSTRAINTS FROM PLANCK AND THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE, THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, VOL. 802, PP. L19-L23 LOEB, A., S. R. FURLANETTO, 2013, THE FIRST GALAXIES IN THE UNIVERSE, PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS: PRINCETON, NJ

DEPUTY PI RAPETTI WILL CO-LEAD THEORETICAL AND OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH ON RADIO PLANET MAGNETOSPHERES AND 21-CM COSMOLOGY USING BOTH EXISTING AND FUTURE OBSERVATIONS, INCLUDING GROUND AND SPACE-BASED INSTRUMENTS AS USEFUL, AND LEAD DATA ANALYSIS PIPELINE DEVELOPMENTS FOR RADIO EXOPLANETS AND 21-CM COSMOLOGY STUDIES TOWARDS OPTIMIZING THE DESIGN OF FUTURE EXPERIMENTS AND HIGH-QUALITY MEASUREMENTS. THE STATE-OF-THE-ART PIPELINE DEVELOPED FOR LOW RADIO FREQUENCY OBSERVATIONS CONTAINING THE GLOBALLY AVERAGED SPIN-FLIP 21-CM BACKGROUND WILL BE EXTENDED AND ADAPTED TO INCORPORATE SUCH AN AUGMENTED FRAMEWORK. TO EFFECTIVELY OPTIMIZE THE DESIGN OF LUNAR RADIO TELESCOPES, RAPETTI WILL ALSO SUPPORT POTENTIAL LUNARLAB EFFORTS TO LEVERAGE SYNERGIES WITH OTHER ASTROPHYSICAL PROBES, AS WELL AS PIPELINE AUGMENTATIONS FOR THEORETICAL MODELING AIMED AT PLANNING FOR FUTURE LUNAR RADIO TELESCOPES. KEY EXTENSIONS OF THE PIPELINE WILL AIM AT MAXIMIZING THE SCIENTIFIC YIELD OF LUNAR-BASED INTERFEROMETERS STUDIED BY LUNARLAB SUCH AS FARSIDE AND FARVIEW, WHICH WILL MEASURE FLUCTUATIONS IN THE SPIN-FLIP BACKGROUND, BOTH ACROSS THE SKY AND IN THE RADIAL DIRECTION. STATISTICAL MEASUREMENTS OF THE 21-CM LINE PLACE STRINGENT REQUIREMENTS ON THE SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ANALOG AND DIGITAL HARDWARE. TO LEVERAGE THE PIPELINE TO JOINTLY STUDY MULTIPLE ASPECTS OF THE TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN INSTRUMENT DESIGN AND SCIENTIFIC POTENTIAL, DEPUTY PI RAPETTI WILL LEAD OTHER TEAM MEMBERS AND POTENTIAL COLLABORATORS IN AN EFFORT TOWARDS EXPANDING THE PIPELINE TO INCLUDE SPATIAL FLUCTUATIONS, AS MEASURED BY INTERFEROMETERS OVER A RANGE OF SCALES, AND USING IT TO TEST FOR THE EXTRACTION OF THE POWER SPECTRUM SIGNAL FROM SYSTEMATICS WITH LUNAR RADIO TELESCOPE DESIGNS TO MAXIMIZE SCIENCE RETURNS. DEPUTY PI RAPETTI WILL ALSO ASSIST PI BURNS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TEAM REPORTS AND IN CONTRIBUTING TO PRESENTATIONS ON LUNARLAB AT EC MEETINGS AT THE REDUCED LEVEL PERMITTED BY SSERVI BASED ON THE LIMITED TEAM SIZE.

BUDGET NARRATIVE ONE OF THE TWO MAIN SCIENCE GOALS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT IS TO MEASURE THE LYMAN CONTINUUM (LYC) RADIATION ESCAPING FROM GALAXIES AND ITS CORRELATION WITH GALAXY PROPERTIES. ESTABLISHING THE LINK BETWEEN GALAXY PROPERTIES AND LYC ESCAPE IS CRITICAL TO IDENTIFY THE SOURCES THAT REIONIZED THE UNIVERSE AT Z>6, WHERE LYC IS UNDETECTABLE. AS AN EXPERT ON HIGHLY STAR-FORMING AND LYC-LEAKING GALAXIES, ANNE JASKOT WILL HELP THE TEAM CRAFT THE LYC-RELATED SCIENCE GOALS AND SAMPLE. SHE WILL TRAVEL TO ONE TEAM MEETING IN BOULDER, CO IN YEAR 2 FOR DISCUSSIONS OF THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT. WE REQUEST FUNDING FOR ONE 3-DAY TRIP TO BOULDER. ONCE THE PROJECT GOALS HAVE BEEN DEFINED, JASKOT WILL SUPERVISE AN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT IN SELECTING THE EMISSION-LINE GALAXY SAMPLE. THE STUDENT WILL USE PUBLICLY AVAILABLE DATA FROM SDSS AND GALEX TO SELECT TARGETS PREDICTED TO HAVE LYC ESCAPE BY VARIOUS EMISSION LINE DIAGNOSTICS. GALAXIES WITH PROPERTIES THAT ARE ABLE TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN DIFFERENT DIAGNOSTICS WILL BE OF PARTICULAR INTEREST. THIS SAMPLE SELECTION WILL ALSO ENTAIL A SYSTEMATIC COMPARISON WITH PARAMETERS AND LYC SAMPLES EXAMINED IN THE LITERATURE TO AVOID DUPLICATION. IN ADDITION, JASKOT WILL CALCULATE PARAMETERS FOR THE SELECTED SAMPLE, SUCH AS STAR FORMATION RATES, METALLICITIES, AND DUST EXTINCTION. WE REQUEST ONE 9-WEEK SUMMER STIPEND FOR AN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT IN YEAR 3. WE ALSO REQUEST FUNDING FOR A 3-DAY TRIP TO BOULDER, CO FOR A TEAM MEETING TO DISCUSS THE PROPOSED SAMPLE AND TO PLAN FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE COMPLETED OBSERVATIONS. AFTER OBSERVATIONS HAVE BEEN COMPLETED, JASKOT WILL HELP DERIVE LYC ESCAPE FRACTIONS BY COMPARING THE MEASURED LYC FLUXES WITH THE ESTIMATED INTRINSIC LYC EMISSION PREDICTED BY STELLAR POPULATION MODEL FITS TO THE GALAXIES" SPECTRA. SHE WILL ALSO ESTIMATE THE INTRINSIC LYC PRODUCTION RATE FROM THE OBSERVED ESCAPE FRACTIONS AND BALMER LINE LUMINOSITIES. WE ESTIMATE 3 WEEKS OF FTE FOR THIS WORK. NEXT, SHE WILL COMPARE THE MEASURED ESCAPE FRACTIONS WITH PROPOSED DIAGNOSTICS AND GALAXY PROPERTIES TO DETERMINE HOW TO BEST SELECT LYC-LEAKING CANDIDATES. WE ESTIMATE 2 WEEKS FTE FOR THIS ANALYSIS. FINALLY, SHE WILL COMPARE THE BEST LYC DIAGNOSTICS WITH THE PROPERTIES OF HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES IN THE LITERATURE TO ASSESS THE LIKELY LYC ESCAPE FRACTIONS OF GALAXIES AT REIONIZATION. WE ESTIMATE AN ADDITIONAL 0.86 WEEKS FTE FOR THIS WORK, PLUS 2 WEEKS FTE TO CONTRIBUTE TO A PUBLISHED PAPER ON THE RESULTS. THE TOTAL REQUEST FOR YEAR 4 IS THEREFORE 7.86 WEEKS (1.965 MONTHS) FTE. IN ADDITION, JASKOT WILL TRAVEL TO ONE US CONFERENCE TO PRESENT THESE RESULTS, AND WE REQUEST FUNDING FOR THIS TRAVEL. IN SUMMARY, WE REQUEST 9 WEEKS SALARY FOR AN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT IN YEAR 3, 1.965 MONTHS SALARY FOR JASKOT IN YEAR 4, TRAVEL TO TWO TEAM MEETINGS IN BOULDER, AND TRAVEL TO ONE US CONFERENCE.

" YEAR1: ADVISE THE ARTEMIS PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR AND INSTRUMENT TEAM ON THE FLOWDOWN OF SCIENCE REQUIREMENTS TO TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS. (NO FUNDING IS REQUESTED FOR THIS EFFORT.) " YEAR 2: PLAN FOR AND ATTEND SCIENCE TEAM MEETING IN BOULDER TO FURTHER DEFINE MISSION OBJECTIVES. " YEAR 3: PARTICIPATE IN FINALIZING SCIENCE OBJECTIVES, TARGET LISTS AND OBSERVING STRATEGIES. ATTEND TEAM MEETING IN BOULDER. " YEAR 4: PARTICIPATE IN THE ANALYSIS OF SCIENCE DATA AND DISSEMINATION OF RESULTS INCLUDING AUTHORING OF PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATION OF RESULTS AT AMERICAN ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY MEETING. IN ADDITION TO THESE TASKS HE WILL PARTICIPATE IN TELECOMS, AUTHOR, REVIEW AND COMMENT ON INSTRUMENTATION DOCUMENTATION, SCIENCE PUBLICATIONS AND GENERATE REPORTS AS NECESSARY TO MEET THE NEEDS OF THE PROJECT.

1 INTRODUCTION THIS IS THE REVISED STATEMENT OF WORK (SOW) FOR ACTIVITIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN IN SUPPORT OF THE PROJECT "NETWORK FOR EXPLORATION AND SPACE SCIENCE (NESS)" LED BY PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR PROF. JACK BURNS, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER AS PART OF THE NASA SOLAR SYSTEM EXPLORATION RESEARCH VIRTUAL INSTITUTE (SSERVI). ACTIVITIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN WILL BE LED BY INSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR PROF. JUSTIN C. KASPER, WHO IS ALSO A NAMED CO-INVESTIGATOR ON THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO PROPOSAL TO NASA. THE PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE FOR THE ACTIVITIES DESCRIBED WITHIN THIS STATEMENT OF WORK IS 07/01/2017 THROUGH 06/30/2022. THIS STATEMENT OF WORK IS ORGANIZED AS FOLLOWS. SECTION 2 DESCRIBES THE OVERALL PROPOSAL. SECTION 3 LISTS THE CONTRIBUTIONS TO BE MADE BY THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. SECTION 4 DESCRIBES THE BUDGET PRODUCED TO SUPPORT THE TASKS LISTED IN SECTION 3. CONTACTS AT UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN JUSTIN KASPER (TECHNICAL CONTACT) THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN CLIMATE AND SPACE SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2455 HAYWARD STREET ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2143 JCKASPER@UMICH.EDU ELAINE MEINZER (PROPOSAL CONTACT) RESEARCH ADMINISTRATOR THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN CLIMATE AND SPACE SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2455 HAYWARD STREET ANN ARBOR, MI 48109-2143 734-647-3565 EMEINZER@UMICH.EDU 2 DESCRIPTION OF OVERALL EFFORT THE OVERALL OBJECTIVE OF THE NETWORK FOR EXPLORATION AND SPACE SCIENCE (NESS) PROPOSAL IS TO IMPLEMENT CROSS-DISCIPLINARY PARTNERSHIPS TO ADVANCE SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY AND HUMAN EXPLORATION AT TARGET DESTINATIONS IN THE SOLAR SYSTEM. NESS INCLUDES RESEARCH IN ASTROPHYSICS AND HELIOPHYSICS THAT IS UNIQUELY ENABLED BY, AND ENABLING OF, HUMAN AND ROBOTIC EXPLORATION OF TARGET BODIES. WORK AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN IN SUPPORT OF THIS OBJECTIVE CONSISTS OF: 1. GENERAL SUPPORT OF NESS INCLUDING PARTICIPATION IN TEAM MEETINGS AND TELECONS AND DISSEMINATION OF SCIENTIFIC RESULTS 2. PROVIDE LEADERSHIP OF THE HELIOPHYSICS AND 3 SPECIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS FROM MICHIGAN THE GROUP AT MICHIGAN WILL FOCUS ON THE FOURTH ELEMENT OF THE PROPOSED WORK, PROVIDING THE FOLLOWING TASKS: 1. GENERAL SUPPORT OF NESS EFFORT A. SUPPORT NESS TEAM MEETINGS AND TELECONS B. CO-I KASPER PROVIDES LEADERSHIP OF THE HELIOPHYSICS AND SPACE PHYSICS KEY PROJECT IN CONCERT WITH CO-I MACDOWALL (NASA/GSFC), WITH A FOCUS ON COORDINATING WORK ON LOW FREQUENCY RADIO OBSERVATIONS OF THE SUN AND RADIATION BELT AND COORDINATION OF ACTIVITIES BY NESS COLLABORATORS AT THE PARIS OBSERVATORY IN MEUDON. 2. SCIENCE OF ACCELERATION AND RADIO EMISSION A. PROVIDE INPUT ON THE OBSERVATIONAL CAPABILITIES NEEDED TO USE SOLAR AND OTHER RADIO BURSTS TO FACILITATE IMPROVED MONITORING OF SOLAR PARTICLE EVENTS B. PARTICIPATE IN DEVELOPMENT OF REQUIREMENTS TRACEABILITY FOR IMAGING SOLAR RADIO BURSTS FROM THE MOON, IN PART USING WIND AND STEREO SPACECRAFT OBSERVATIONS AND AN ANALYSIS OF THE INTENSITY AND SPEED OF VARIOUS BURSTS C. PROVIDE INPUT TO STUDIES OF OPTIMUM OBSERVATORY CONFIGURATIONS 3. IMAGING EARTH"S ELECTRON RADIATION BELTS A. COLLECT INFORMATION ON TYPICAL AND EXTREME RADIATION BELT ENERGIES AND SPECTRA (E.G. BAKER ET AL 2014; FENNELL ET AL 2015; MA ET AL 2015) IN ORDER TO FEED A SIMPLE MODEL OF THE INTENSITY AND ENERGY SPECTRA OF RADIATION BELT ELECTRONS AS A FUNCTION OF TIME B. REVIEW EXISTING MODELS OF RADIO EMISSION FROM PLANETARY RADIATION BELTS (WHICH GENERALLY ARE FOR OTHER PLANETS OR CUT OFF AT HIGHER FREQUENCIES) AND DETERMINE IF IT WOULD BE SIMPLER TO ADOPT EXISTING MODELS OR DEVELOP A SIMPLE FRAMEWORK FOR CALCULATING THE INTEGRATED SYNCHROTRON EMISSION FROM THE RADIATION BELT AT FREQUENCIES BELOW THE IONOSPHERIC CUTOFF C. CALCULATE THE APPARENT EMISSION AS SEEN BY A LUNAR NEAR SIDE ARRAY, AND DETERMINE PRECISELY THE TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL RESOLUTION REQUIRES FOR IMAGING THE DYNAMIC BELTS, AS WELL AS THE INTENSITY AND VARIABILITY OF THE EXPECTED SIGNAL. 4. SUPPORT DEVELOPMENT OF LUNAR OBSERVATORY PROTOTYPE AS NEEDED A. THIS WILL GENERALLY CONSIST OF

WORK EFFORT NARRATIVE: CO-I ECONOMOS WAS THE LABORATORY MANAGER FOR THE UCLA SECONDARY IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY (A.K.A. ION MICROPROBE) LABORATORY FOR FOUR YEARS. DURING HER TIME AT UCLA, SHE DEVELOPED THE METHOD OF ANALYZING SULFUR ISOTOPE RATIOS IN APATITE AND HAS CHARACTERIZED THE ONLY KNOWN HOMOGENEOUS STANDARD FOR THIS ANALYSIS. SHE SUBSEQUENTLY DEVELOPED THE SYNCHRONOUS COLLECTION OF S AND CL ISOTOPES THAT WILL BE UTILIZED FOR THIS PROPOSAL. SHE HAS CONDUCTED THESE IN-SITU ANALYSES USING THE SAME INSTRUMENT THAT IS PROPOSED HERE, THE CAMECA 1290. CO-I ECONOMOS WILL UNDERTAKE THE CAREFUL SAMPLE PREPARATION REQUIRED FOR HIGH-PRECISION IN-SITU ISOTOPE ANALYSIS. SHE WILL TUNE THE INSTRUMENT FOR THE ANALYSIS, WHICH MUST BE DONE USING INDIVIDUALIZED PARAMETERS THAT ARE DETERMINED SPECIFICALLY FOR THE CONCENTRATIONS IN THE SAMPLES OF INTEREST. SHE WILL LEAD THIS COMPONENT OF THE ANALYTICAL EFFORT AND REDUCE AND PREPARE ALL DATA INTO A FORMAT THAT CAN BE USED FOR EVALUATION OF PROJECT HYPOTHESES AND FOR PUBLICATION. SHE WILL ALSO PARTICIPATE IN THE WRITING, FIGURE AND TABLE PREPARATION OF RESULTING PUBLICATIONS.

WE NOTE THAT ONGOING SUPPORT FOR A MISSION"S DATABASE ONCE IT IS INGESTED IS SUPPORTED BY MAST"S ONGOING NASA FUNDING AND NEED NOT BE FUNDED BY THE INDIVIDUAL MISSION. ONCE ARTEMIS" DATABASE IS SET UP AND POPULATED, ITS BUDGETARY OBLIGATIONS TO MAST END.

DR. DANIEL J. SCHEERS WILL DIRECT RESEARCH OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND DYNAMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ASTEROID REGOLITH IN SUPPORT OF THE CLASS INSTITUTE. HE OR HIS DESIGNATE WILL PARTICIPATE IN VIRTUAL MEETINGS AS REQUIRED, SUPPLY ANALYSIS, AND SUPPORT THE INSTITUTE IN CREATION OF PROGRESS REPORTS AS NEEDED. 1. ATTEND UCF/CLASS - SSERVI SCIENCE TEAM MEETINGS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA AND ELSEWHERE AS CALLED UPON THE BY PI, DR. DANIEL BRITT 2. WORK CLOSELY WITH UCF/CLASS SCIENCE TEAM MEMBERS AND PARTNERS TO CREATE, REVIEW, TEST, MODIFY AND DISTRIBUTE EPE CURRICULA AND ACTIVITIES ACCORDING TO THE TIMELINE IN THE PROPOSAL; SOME TRAVEL MAY BE INVOLVED. 3. FACILITATE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE SSERVI CENTRAL EPE OFFICE, THE OTHER SSERVI EPE TEAMS AND THE CLASS TEAM AS APPROPRIATE. 4. REPRESENT THE UCF/CLASS SSERVI EPE TEAM AS SSERVI MEETINGS, EPE EVENTS AND EDUCATOR WORKSHOPS, AND ELSEWHERE AS CALLED UPON BY THE PI. 5. BE PRESENT AS ASSIST THE UCF/CLASS TEAM WITH EPE PRESENTATIONS AT MEETINGS AND CONFERENCES AS NEEDED. 6. RESULTS WILL BE ANALYZED, SHARED AMONG THE PIS AND PREPARED FOR REFEREED PUBLICATIONS.

DURING THE INITIAL PHASE (3 MONTHS), WE ENVISION A SHORT DESIGN PHASE FOR THE PURPOSES OF COLLECTING ALL RELEVANT DESIGN DOCUMENTS AND REVIEWING THE INTERFACES BETWEEN THE COMPONENTS FROM DIFFERENT MISSIONS. IF POSSIBLE, WE ENVISION WORKING WITH INTERFACES TO THE LANDER IN ORDER TO CREATE SIMPLE ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL INTERFACES. BASED UPON A CLEARER WORKING DEFINITION, WE WOULD REVIEW THE REQUIREMENTS AND DESIGN DETAILS BEFORE PROCEEDING WITH BUILDING GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT TO EMULATE THE LANDER, POSSIBLY MODIFYING THE INTERFACE IN THE DATA CONTROLLER BOARD (DCB) OR THE TIME DOMAIN SAMPLER (TDS), OR IMPLEMENTING ADAPTER PLATES FOR THE ANTENNAS. BUILD TO PRINT OF SOME BOARDS WOULD BEGIN IN THIS PHASE, AS LONG AS THEY WERE INTERNAL TO THE MEP OR ANTENNAS. THIS INCLUDES THE TIME DOMAIN SAMPLER (TDS), THE DFB FPGA DAUGHTERBOARD, AND SOME WORK ON THE MAG ELECTRONICS. TO SUPPORT THE ABOVE, THE LUSEE TEAM AT LASP WILL: 1. SUPPORT WEEKLY TELECOMS WITH UCB; 2. SUPPORT MONTHLY TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL REPORTS 533M & 533Q TO UCB; 3. BEGIN STUDIES AND SIMULATIONS TO PROVIDE TECHNICAL INPUTS FOR INSTRUMENT PARTS, AND OPERATIONAL PLANS ENSURING INSTRUMENTS MEET SCIENCE GOALS; 4. IDENTIFY PARTS NEEDED TO COMPLETE THE DFB FLIGHT BOARD; 5. BEGIN ASSEMBLING THE DFB DAUGHTERBOARD; 6. CREATE AND RELEASE LUSEE DAUGHTERBOARD BUILD DOCUMENTATION FOR USE AS PART OF LASP"S INTERNAL PROCESSES; 7. SUPPORT DESIGN REVIEW OF THE LUSEE SYSTEM, AS IT RELATES TO THE DFB INTERFACES. 8. SETUP SPP RACKS, TAKE LUSEE DFB OUT OF STORAGE, AND RE-TEST CONFIGURATION TO ENSURE ALL GSE, CABLES, DFB, AND ROUTINES WORK AS EXPECTED.

THE FOLLOWING WILL BE PROVIDED BY LASP: ACQUIRE AND MAINTAIN LABORATORY EQUIPMENT (UV SPECTROMETER, LIGHT SOURCES, SAMPLE VACUUM CHAMBER, PUMPS). MEASURE THE ABSOLUTE SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE OF ICES AND ICE-MINERAL MIXTURES. PRODUCE A DATABASE OF RESULTS FOR DISTRIBUTION TO THE SSERVI TEAM. PROVIDE ANALYSES OF THE SAMPLE REFLECTANCE TO THE SSERVI TEAM AND COLLABORATE ON PUBLICATIONS. ACQUIRE A COMMERCIAL UV SPECTROMETER TO MEASURE THE SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE OF GEOLOGIC SAMPLES IN THE FIELD FROM AN EARTH-BASED ROBOTIC ROVER. PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR THE USAGE OF THE UV SPECTROMETER AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS. (NOTE: SUBAWARD MODIFICATION #11 REMOVED FROM SUBAWARD FUNDS AND SCOPE SPECIFIC TO CO-I OSTERLOO IN CONNECTION WITH CO-I OSTERLOO LEAVING CU-LASP.)

REPRESENTATIONS, THEORY, AND ALGORITHMS FOR AUTONOMOUS SPACE DOMAIN AWARENESS IN THE CISLUNAR REGIME

THE PI AND GSA WILL IDENTIFY AND REQUEST SAMPLES FROM THE NASA LUNAR SAMPLE CURATOR.

WORK WITH THE PLANETARY REACH TEAM TO PLAN CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS AND PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT INSTITUTES. SUBRECIPIENT WILL CO-FACILITATE AT LEAST ONE SCIENCE CONFERENCE PRESENTATION/WORKSHOP (FOR INSTANCE, AT DPS OR AGU OR GSA) AND AT LEAST ONE PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT INSTITUTE ACROSS THE COUNTRY PER YEAR. EACH INSTITUTE PLUS THE TIME FOR CONDUCTING A PUBLIC EVENT AT THE END WILL INCLUDE 4 DAYS.

DETERMINING THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY WAVES IN SOLAR WIND DYNAMICS AND ENERGETICS PARTICLE PROPAGATION

CU INSTITUTIONAL PI AARON S. BELL WILL BE INVOLVED IN THE VAPOR SUB-TEAM AND CONDUCT WORK OUTLINED IN TASK 4 AS DESCRIBED IN THE PROPOSAL. SPECIFICALLY, THIS WORK WILL CONSIST OF PERFORMING PHASE EQUILIBRIA EXPERIMENTS TO QUANTIFY THE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS FOR SEVERAL MODERATELY VOLATILE ELEMENTS IN LUNAR BASALTIC LIQUIDS OF VARIABLE COMPOSITION. THESE EXPERIMENTS WILL BE CONDUCTED AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO. THE ANALYSIS OF THESE EXPERIMENT WILL BE CONDUCTED BY A.S. BELL AT THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER. THE RESULTS FROM THESE EXPERIMENTS WILL ULTIMATELY BE INCORPORATED INTO NEW THERMODYNAMIC MODELS THAT CAN ACCURATELY ASSESS THE EXTENT TO WHICH THE PRIMORDIAL MVES BUDGET OF LUNAR BASALTIC MAGMAS HAVE BEEN ALTERED BY ERUPTIVE OUTGASSING. THESE EFFORTS ARE CRITICAL FOR SHEDDING GENERATING ACCURATE ESTIMATES FOR THE MASS OF VOLATILE RESERVOIRS IN THE LUNAR INTERIOR.

THE CU DENVER TEAM WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR, IN COLLABORATION WITH THE SJSU TEAM: 1. WRF-SFIRE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 2. WRF-SFIRE SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, VERSION MANAGEMENT, AND WRF VERSION UPGRADE PATH 3. WRF-SFIRE REGRESSION TESTING 4. WRF-SFIRE USER DOCUMENTATION AND TRAINING MATERIALS

OPGRAV - PRECISE SMALL BODY MASS MEASUREMENTS DURING HIGH-SPEED FLYBYS DATA PROCESSING TO REPLICATE RESULTS

THE SCOPE OF THIS WORK INCLUDES CONDUCTING U-PB AND PB-PB ISOTOPIC ANALYSES AND THE SUITE OF LUNAR SAMPLES IDENTIFIED IN THE MAIN PROPOSAL. ADDITIONAL ELECTRON BEAM ANALYSES TO ASSESS THE SHOCKED STATE OF MINERALS, SAMPLE PETROLOGY, OR ANALYSIS LOCATION MAY ALSO BE DONE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO BOULDER. DATA REDUCTION AND INTERPRETATION ARE INCLUDED IN THE SCOPE OF WORK, AS WELL AS OTHER ACTIVITIES REQUIRED FOR LINKING THE CHRONOLOGY TO GEOCHEMICAL OR OTHER CONSORTIUM DATASETS.

CONTINUED DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS ROBUST MONITORING OF CROPLAND CARBON BUDGET UNDER MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS IN THE US HEARTLAND: INTEGRATING SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS, BOTTOM-UP AND TOP-DOWN MODELING

INVESTIGATE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF LONG WAVELENGTH STRUCTURES INCLUDING THE MARE BASALT VOLCANISM, PKT, AND DEEP MOONQUAKES, ALL OF WHICH OCCUR PREDOMINANTLY ON THE NEARSIDE. INVESTIGATE THE ORIGIN AND FORMATION OF LUNAR DEGREE-2 GRAVITY AND SHAPE ANOMALIES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR LUNAR ORBITAL EVOLUTION.