University of California, San Diego

MOD: 123,105.00 03/11/2020 MOD: 119,519.00 7/18/2019 SUB: 116,038.00 7/17/2018 THE ASTROPHYSICAL RESEARCH CONSORTIUM (ARC) OPERATES THE 3.5 METER TELESCOPE AT THE APACHE POINT OBSERVATORY (APO) IN NEW MEXICO THAT IS USED BY THE APOLLO EXPERIMENT. WITH A BUSINESS OFFICE OPERATING ALONGSIDE THE ASTRONOMY DEPARTMENT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON IN SEATTLE, ARC MANAGES PERSONNEL AT APO AND COORDINATES FINANCING OF TELESCOPE OPERATIONS. WITH RESPECT TO THE PROPOSAL TITLED "TESTING GRAVITY USING MILLIMETER DATA FROM APOLLO" TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION BY THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO, ARC WILL PERFORM THE FOLLOWING TASKS: 1. OBSERVING ASSISTANCE: RUSSET MCMILLAN, AN OBSERVATIONAL SPECIALIST FOR THE 3.5 METER TELESCOPE IS THE PRIMARY OBSERVER FOR APOLLO. BESIDES PERFORMING APOLLO OBSERVATIONS AT THE SITE, DR. MCMILLA11 WILL MONITOR APOLLO INSTRUMENT HEALTH, OCCASIONALLY CARRY OUT SMALL REPAIRS OR ADJUSTMENTS, AND ACT . AS LIAISON BETWEEN APOLLO AND THE OBSERVATORY. 2. TELESCOPE TIME: ARC WILL AWARD TELESCOPE TIME AT THE APPROXIMATE 3,714 PER HALF NIGHT IN CY2018. THE PROPOSED APOLLO BUDGET CONTAINS ENOUGH TO SCHEDULE APPROXIMATELY 14 HALF NIGHTS PER YEAR. 3 . ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT: ARC WILL BILL UCSD QUARTERLY FOR THE AFOREMENTIONED ACTIVITIES, INCURRING A QUARTERLY TIME COMMITMENT OF APPROXIMATELY 0.5 HOURS BY MIKE EVANS, THE ARC BUSINESS MANAGER, AND 2.0 HOURS BY AN ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT.

MOD: 105,999.00 10/29/2019 MOD: 142,906.00 10/25/2017 SUB: 59,399.00 01/13/2017 (77911696) THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR COMPLETE PETROGRAPHIC AND MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF EACH SAMPLE ANALYZED AS PART OF THIS PROJECT. THE SCOPE OF WORK WILL INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING. PETROGRAPHIC STUDY AND DESCRIPTION OF AT LEAST ONE THIN SECTION FROM EACH SAMPLE. THIS WILL INCLUDE PHOTOGRAPHING EACH SAMPLE IF PLANE POLARIZED, CROSS-POLARIZED AND REFLECTED LIGHT. PRODUCTION OF MINERAL CRYSTAL SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS FOR EACH THIN SECTION PRODUCING ELEMENT MAPS FOR EACH THIN SECTION; MAJOR/MINOR ELEMENT MINERAL ANALYSES OF THE DIFFERENT MINERAL PHASES USING ELECTRON MICROPROBE; DETERMINATION OF MINERAL TRACE ELEMENT CONTENTS VIA LASER ABLATION ICP-MS TO DEFINE MAGMATIC EVOLUTION. THIS WORK WILL FORM THE PHD FOR ONE GRADUATE STUDENT, AND TWO UNDERGRADUATE SUMMER INTERNSHIPS ALL UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF CO-I NEAL. NEAL WILL COORDINATE WITH PI DAY REGARDING INTEGRATING THE ANALYTICAL ACTIVITIES TO BE CONDUCTED AT UCSD AND NOTRE DAME. THIS WILL BE ACCOMPLISHED BY ANNUAL VISITS OF PI DAY TO NOTRE DAME AND VIA ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION.

MOD:157,120.00 SUB: 150,837.00 STATEMENT OF WORK IN SUPPORT OF THE PROPOSAL ENTITLED, “MULTISCALE ASTRODYNAMICAL ANALYSIS FOR IMPROVED XGEO CISLUNAR SDA”, LED BY DR. AARON ROSENGREN (UCSD), FOR AFOSR, DR. SHANE ROSS, OF VIRGINIA TECH, WILL PROVIDE SCIENTIFIC LEADERSHIP IN THE THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES RELATED TO TASKS 1- 4, AS DESCRIBED IN THE PROPOSAL AND WILL MANAGE THE PROGRESS OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH. A GRADUATE RESEARCH ASSISTANT (GRA) WILL BE RECRUITED TO WORK ON THE IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES FOR THE PROPOSED RESEARCH. DR. ROSS WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DAY-TO-DAY OPERATIONS OF THE RESEARCH AT VIRGINIA TECH, INCLUDING THAT OF THE GRA, ENSURING THE QUALITY

60,836.00 02/21/2020 29,136.00 07/23/2019 29,137.00 04/24/2019 58,829.00 05/24/2018 STATEMENT OF WORK EARTH LOCATION OF THE TELESCOPE USED IN THE PREDICTION. MOST RECENTLY, THE WELLESLEY PI AND HIS STUDENTS CONTRIBUTED TO THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF THE ABSOLUTE CALIBRATION SYSTEM (ACS) THROUGH THE DESIGN OF SYSTEM CONTROL ELECTRONICS AND THE APOLLO TELESCOPE USER INTERFACE SOFTWARE (ATUI). WITH THE WORK PROPOSED HERE, THE WELLESLEY COLLEGE PI WILL CONTINUE HIS CONTRIBUTION TO THE APOLLO EXPERIMENT AND THE ACS SYSTEM. THE WELLESLEY PI WILL DEVELOP AN UPGRADED VERSION OF THE ACS SYSTEM CONTROL ELECTRONICS, AND WILL CONTINUE DEVELOPING THE A TUI SOFTWARE TO SUPPORT NEW SYSTEM CAPABILITIES AND OBSERVING MODES. THE WELLESLEY PI WILL TRAVEL TO THE APACHE POINT OBSERVATORY FOR INSTALLATION OF THE UPGRADED ELECTRONICS. THE WELLESLEY PI WILL ALSO CONTRIBUTE TO REMOTE OPERATIONS OF APOLLO AND THE ACS AS NEEDED. ADDITIONALLY, USE OF THE MACHINE SHOP (AND MACHINIST'S TIME) AT WELLESLEY COLLEGE IS AVAILABLE TO THE WELLESLEY PI AT NO COST, AND THE WELLESLEY PI IS PLEASED TO CONTRIBUTE THIS RESOURCE TO APOLLO.

MOD 002: $109519 6/29/2026 MOD 001: 15,289 09/29/2025 SUB: 46,767.00 07/14/2025 PRINCETON UNIVERSITY WILL COLLABORATE WITH UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO AND THE OTHER INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT ON THE PROPOSAL ENTITLED “MECHANISTICALLY MODELING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF VERTICALLY MIGRATING ZOOPLANKTON AND FISHES TO THE OCEAN BIOLOGICAL PUMP”. PRINCETON IS RESPONSIBLE FOR RUNNING AND ANALYZING REGIONAL DOUBLE GYRE AND GLOBAL SIMULATIONS WITH MIGRATING ZOOPLANKTON. SPECIFIC TASKS ABOUT THE MODELING INCLUDE: 1) DEVELOP A NEW ZOOPLANKTON/MIGRATION PARAMETERIZATIONS INFORMED BY EXPORTS (AND OTHER BIOLOGICAL PUMP) OBSERVATIONS, 2) SENSITIVITY TESTS OF ZOOPLANKTON/MIGRATION MODULE WITH DOUBLE GYRE CONFIGURATION AND IMPACT ON CARBON PUMP, 3) HINDCAST GLOBAL SCALE SIMULATIONS INCLUDING MIGRATION, AND 4) COLLABORATE WITH UCSD AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS ON EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF ZOOPLANKTON/FISH MIGRATION ON LOCAL AND GLOBAL CARBON PUMP.

AMENDMENT 002: $ 24,969 7/8/2026 AMENDMENT 001: $21,889 09/17/2025 SUB: $66,956 07/14/2025 STATEMENT OF WORK – BIOS/ASU PROPOSAL: MECHANISTICALLY MODELING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF VERTICALLY MIGRATING ZOOPLANKTON AND FISHES TO THE OCEAN BIOLOGICAL PUMP AMY MAAS ASSOCIATE SCIENTIST, BERMUDA INSTITUTE OF OCEAN SCIENCES ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SCHOOL OF OCEAN FUTURES, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY DR. AMY MAAS WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ZOOPLANKTON AND FISH PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION DATASET PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS TO SUPPORT THE MODELING EFFORTS. SHE WILL WORK CLOSELY WITH THE OTHER PROJECT PARTICIPANTS TO INCORPORATE DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION EXPORT PROCESSES, IN PARTICULAR RESPIRATION, DOC, GUT FLUX AND MORTALITY FLUXES, INTO THE MODELS. SHE WILL SUPERVISE THE BIOS BASED TECHNICIAN WHO WILL ASSIST IN FORMATTING DATASETS FOR EASY CROSS COMPARISON AMONG REGIONS. SHE WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR POSTING DATA PRODUCTS TO THE APPROPRIATE WEBSITE/DATABASE (SEE DATA MANAGEMENT PLAN) IN A TIMELY FASHION.

MOD 002: $38922 6/24/2026 MOD 001:$ 9,182.00 09/08/2025 INITIAL SUBAWARD: $28,086.00 08/15/2025 SUBRECIPIENT PI'S LABORATORY WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ZOOPLANKTON AND FISH BIOMASS AND COMMUNITY COMPOSITION DATA PREPARATION AND ANALYSIS TO SUPPORT THE MODELING EFFORTS. SHE WILL WORK CLOSELY WITH THE OTHER PROJECT PARTICIPANTS TO INCORPORATE ZOOPLANKTON- AND FISH-MEDIATED EXPORT PROCESSES, SUCH AS FECAL PELLET PRODUCTION AND EXPORT, INTO THE MODELS. STEINBERG WILL REGULARLY PARTICIPATE IN GROUP MEETINGS FOR THE PROJECT AND WORK CLOSELY WITH THE OTHER PROJECT PARTICIPANTS IN MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION AND PUBLICATION. SHE WILL ALSO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE VIMS-BASED TECHNICIAN WHO MANAGES EXPORTS ZOOPLANKTON DATABASES THAT WILL BE USED FOR THIS PROJECT. STEINBERG AND HER TECHNICIAN WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR POSTING DATA PRODUCTS TO THE APPROPRIATE WEBSITE/DATABASE (SEE DATA MANAGEMENT PLAN) IN A TIMELY FASHION.

SUBAWARD 91028280: $59,614.00 1/22/2018 STATEMENT OF WORK PI: CHRISTOPHER STUBBS HARVARD UNIVERSITY 01/01/2018 " 06/30/2018 TESTING GRAVITY VIA LUNAR LASER RANGING: MAXIMIZING DATA QUALITY DR. JOHN CHANDLER WILL WORK CLOSELY WITH THE APOLLO TEAM ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE LLR AND OTHER DATA, USING THE PLANETARY EPHEMERIS PROGRAM (PEP). THE TASKS INCLUDE: A) EVALUATING, UNDERSTANDING, AND MINIMIZING THE RESIDUALS BETWEEN THE DATA AND BEST-FIT MODELS, AND ADDING NEW PHENOMENOLOGY TO PEP AS APPROPRIATE; B) INCORPORATING AUXILIARY DATA INTO PEP; C) DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING IMPROVED COMPUTATIONAL ALGORITHMS IN PEP AS THESE ARE IDENTIFIED IN RESPONSE TO PROJECT NEEDS; D) EXTENDING THE PEP ANALYSIS TO CONSTRAIN THEORIES OF NOVEL GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS THAT DO NOT MAP NEATLY INTO THE PPN FORMALISM; AND E) ESTABLISHING QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENTS OF SOURCES OF SYSTEMATIC ERROR.

CHANNELED INFRARED POLARIMETER (CHIRP)

UAS-MOUNTED CANOPY PENETRATING RADAR SYSTEM FOR UNDERSTORY FUEL SENSING

THE SCRIPPS ISOTOPE GEOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY (SIGL) AT SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY AND THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO WILL CARRY OUT THE FOLLOWING WORK FOR THE ABOVE-REFERENCED PROJECT: 1) THE CO-I (JAMES DAY) AND GSR WILL ATTEND GROUP MEETINGS, NORMALLY TO BE HELD PRIOR TO OR AFTER LPSC IN HOUSTON IN EVERY YEAR. 2) THE CO-I WILL ASSIST THE PI (CLIVE NEAL, NOTRE DAME) WITH PREPARATION OF SAMPLE REQUESTS FOR FURTHER APOLLO MISSION SAMPLES, WHERE NEEDED. THE CO-I WILL ALSO HELP WITH ANY OTHER ADDITIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE WORK FOR THE PROPOSAL, AS DIRECTED BY THE PI. 3) ON RECEIVING SAMPLES, EITHER AS POWDERS (FROM PI), ROCKLETS, OR CHIPS, SAMPLES WILL BE STORED PRIOR TO ANALYSIS BY THE CO-I IN A SECURE STORAGE (THE CO-I IS A LUNAR SAMPLE INVESTIGATOR). A TOTAL OF 80 INDIVIDUAL ANALYSES (INCLUDING REPLICATES OF SAMPLES, BLANKS AND STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS) WILL BE MEASURED DURING THE COURSE OF THE WORK, FOR SIDEROPHILE ELEMENTS (BY ICP-MS), RB-SR ISOTOPES (BY POSITIVE ION TIMS) AND FOR OS ISOTOPES (BY NEGATIVE ION TIMS) AND THE HSE (BY ICP-MS). ALL TRAINING TO PERSONNEL WILL BE PROVIDED BY THE CO-I. A. SAMPLES WILL BE PREPARED FOR ANALYSIS BY THE CO-I OR GSR FOR ANALYSIS. THIS WILL INCLUDE DOCUMENTATION OF SAMPLE MASS, IMAGING OF SAMPLES AND PREPARATION TO FINER POWDERS IN CERAMIC MORTARS AND PESTLES DEDICATED TO LUNAR SAMPLES. B. A SMALL SUB-FRACTION OF THE POWDER (20-50 MG) WILL BE PREPARED FOR SIDEROPHILE ELEMENT ABUNDANCE ANALYSIS (NI, CO, W), AS WELL AS FOR RB-SR ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS BY THE GSR. THIS TASK IS IMPORTANT NOT SIMPLY FOR THE WHOLE ROCK RB-SR ISOTOPE DATA BUT FOR PROPERLY SPIKING FOR HSE ABUNDANCES. THIS WORK WILL ALSO FORM THE MAIN STAY OF ANY PARTICIPATING UNDERGRADUATE SENIOR THESES (SIO COURSE NUMBER 199). C. REMAINING POWDERS WILL BE USED FOR RE-OS ISOTOPE AND HSE ABUNDANCE ANALYSIS BY ISOTOPE DILUTION. THIS WILL INCLUDE REPLICATE ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES, WHERE POSSIBLE, GIVEN THE IMPORTANCE OF EXAMINING HSE HETEROGENEITY IN LUNAR ROCKS. WORK WILL BE DONE BOTH WITH CARIUS TUBES AND HIGH PRESSURE ASHER. THIS WORK WILL BE DONE BY THE CO-I AND GSR. 4) THE GSR AND CO-I WILL PRESENT THE WORK DONE ON THE PROJECT IN YEARS 1 THROUGH 4 AT LPSC AND IN GROUP MEETINGS. 5) THE GSR AND CO-I WILL WRITE-UP AND ASSIST IN THE WRITE-UP, OR YEARLY REPORTS FOR THE PROJECT, AS WELL AS ABSTRACTS AND MANUSCRIPTS INTENDED FOR SUBMISSION TO INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNIZED PEER-REVIEWED JOURNALS (E.G., GCA, EPSL, MAPS, JGR, ETC.). 6) DATA GENERATED DURING THE PROJECT WILL BE MADE EASILY ACCESSIBLE THROUGH PUBLICLY AVAILABLE DATABASES, AND ALL DATA WILL ALSO BE PROVIDED TO THE PI FOR RECORD KEEPING.

THE WORK PROPOSED HEREIN IS TO OVERSEE THE CONTINUED OPERATION OF THE APOLLO LUNAR LASER RANGING PROJECT AT APACHE POINT OBSERVATORY THROUGHOUT CALENDAR YEAR 2021, DURING WHICH TIME THE SCIENTIFIC LEADERSHIP OF THE PROJECT WILL TRANSITION FROM TOM MURPHY AT UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO (UCSD) TO STEPHEN MERKOWITZ AT NASA GODDARD. BELOW WE DESCRIBE THE SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE APOLLO PROJECT TO DATE AS WELL AS THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES FOR 2021