{"schema_version":"1.0","generated_at":"2026-11-01T13:39:05Z","entries":[{"id":"artemis-region-de-gerlache-rim-2","name":"Artemis candidate region: de Gerlache Rim 2","kind":"planned_site","subtype":"candidate_region","lat":-88.142,"lon":-63.662,"precision":"region","uncertainty_m":17000,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","sensitivity":["hardware"],"zones":[],"note":"One of NASA's nine candidate crewed landing regions (Oct 2024). NASA published names, not coordinates: the point is the centre we computed from the USGS region square and the circle reaches its corners. Artemis III is now an Earth-orbit test; NASA has not said whether these regions carry over to the first landing (Artemis IV).","sources":[{"name":"NASA (Oct 2024): NASA Provides Update on Artemis III Moon Landing Regions","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-provides-update-on-artemis-iii-moon-landing-regions/","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"usgs-artemis-iii-regions","name":"McClernan, M.T. (2024) Down Selected Artemis III Candidate Landing Site Navigational Grids, USGS data release, doi:10.5066/P1MEQ6UK (region squares digitized from LROC QuickMap)","url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/671a6fa8d34efed5620f89f8","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"name":"NASA RELEASE 26-022 (27 Feb 2026): Artemis III becomes a 2027 test in Earth orbit; first landing on Artemis IV in 2028","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-adds-mission-to-artemis-lunar-program-updates-architecture/","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"artemis-region-haworth","name":"Artemis candidate region: Haworth","kind":"planned_site","subtype":"candidate_region","lat":-86.635,"lon":-23.672,"precision":"region","uncertainty_m":25300,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","sensitivity":["hardware"],"zones":[],"note":"One of NASA's nine candidate crewed landing regions (Oct 2024). NASA published names, not coordinates: the point is the centre we computed from the USGS region square and the circle reaches its corners. Artemis III is now an Earth-orbit test; NASA has not said whether these regions carry over to the first landing (Artemis IV).","sources":[{"name":"NASA (Oct 2024): NASA Provides Update on Artemis III Moon Landing Regions","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-provides-update-on-artemis-iii-moon-landing-regions/","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"usgs-artemis-iii-regions","name":"McClernan, M.T. (2024) Down Selected Artemis III Candidate Landing Site Navigational Grids, USGS data release, doi:10.5066/P1MEQ6UK (region squares digitized from LROC QuickMap)","url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/671a6fa8d34efed5620f89f8","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"name":"NASA RELEASE 26-022 (27 Feb 2026): Artemis III becomes a 2027 test in Earth orbit; first landing on Artemis IV in 2028","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-adds-mission-to-artemis-lunar-program-updates-architecture/","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"artemis-region-malapert-massif","name":"Artemis candidate region: Malapert Massif","kind":"planned_site","subtype":"candidate_region","lat":-85.925,"lon":-1.205,"precision":"region","uncertainty_m":17800,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","sensitivity":["hardware"],"zones":[],"note":"One of NASA's nine candidate crewed landing regions (Oct 2024). NASA published names, not coordinates: the point is the centre we computed from the USGS region square and the circle reaches its corners. Artemis III is now an Earth-orbit test; NASA has not said whether these regions carry over to the first landing (Artemis IV).","sources":[{"name":"NASA (Oct 2024): NASA Provides Update on Artemis III Moon Landing Regions","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-provides-update-on-artemis-iii-moon-landing-regions/","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"usgs-artemis-iii-regions","name":"McClernan, M.T. (2024) Down Selected Artemis III Candidate Landing Site Navigational Grids, USGS data release, doi:10.5066/P1MEQ6UK (region squares digitized from LROC QuickMap)","url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/671a6fa8d34efed5620f89f8","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"name":"NASA RELEASE 26-022 (27 Feb 2026): Artemis III becomes a 2027 test in Earth orbit; first landing on Artemis IV in 2028","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-adds-mission-to-artemis-lunar-program-updates-architecture/","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"artemis-region-mons-mouton","name":"Artemis candidate region: Mons Mouton","kind":"planned_site","subtype":"candidate_region","lat":-85.409,"lon":30.837,"precision":"region","uncertainty_m":13600,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","sensitivity":["hardware"],"zones":[],"note":"One of NASA's nine candidate crewed landing regions (Oct 2024). NASA published names, not coordinates: the point is the centre we computed from the USGS region square and the circle reaches its corners. Artemis III is now an Earth-orbit test; NASA has not said whether these regions carry over to the first landing (Artemis IV).","sources":[{"name":"NASA (Oct 2024): NASA Provides Update on Artemis III Moon Landing Regions","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-provides-update-on-artemis-iii-moon-landing-regions/","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"usgs-artemis-iii-regions","name":"McClernan, M.T. (2024) Down Selected Artemis III Candidate Landing Site Navigational Grids, USGS data release, doi:10.5066/P1MEQ6UK (region squares digitized from LROC QuickMap)","url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/671a6fa8d34efed5620f89f8","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"name":"NASA RELEASE 26-022 (27 Feb 2026): Artemis III becomes a 2027 test in Earth orbit; first landing on Artemis IV in 2028","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-adds-mission-to-artemis-lunar-program-updates-architecture/","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"artemis-region-mons-mouton-plateau","name":"Artemis candidate region: Mons Mouton Plateau","kind":"planned_site","subtype":"candidate_region","lat":-84.291,"lon":27.427,"precision":"region","uncertainty_m":57600,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","sensitivity":["hardware"],"zones":[],"note":"One of NASA's nine candidate crewed landing regions (Oct 2024). NASA published names, not coordinates: the point is the centre we computed from the USGS region square and the circle reaches its corners. Artemis III is now an Earth-orbit test; NASA has not said whether these regions carry over to the first landing (Artemis IV).","sources":[{"name":"NASA (Oct 2024): NASA Provides Update on Artemis III Moon Landing Regions","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-provides-update-on-artemis-iii-moon-landing-regions/","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"usgs-artemis-iii-regions","name":"McClernan, M.T. (2024) Down Selected Artemis III Candidate Landing Site Navigational Grids, USGS data release, doi:10.5066/P1MEQ6UK (region squares digitized from LROC QuickMap)","url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/671a6fa8d34efed5620f89f8","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"name":"NASA RELEASE 26-022 (27 Feb 2026): Artemis III becomes a 2027 test in Earth orbit; first landing on Artemis IV in 2028","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-adds-mission-to-artemis-lunar-program-updates-architecture/","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"artemis-region-nobile-rim-1","name":"Artemis candidate region: Nobile Rim 1","kind":"planned_site","subtype":"candidate_region","lat":-85.423,"lon":36.19,"precision":"region","uncertainty_m":16900,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","sensitivity":["hardware"],"zones":[],"note":"One of NASA's nine candidate crewed landing regions (Oct 2024). NASA published names, not coordinates: the point is the centre we computed from the USGS region square and the circle reaches its corners. Artemis III is now an Earth-orbit test; NASA has not said whether these regions carry over to the first landing (Artemis IV).","sources":[{"name":"NASA (Oct 2024): NASA Provides Update on Artemis III Moon Landing Regions","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-provides-update-on-artemis-iii-moon-landing-regions/","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"usgs-artemis-iii-regions","name":"McClernan, M.T. (2024) Down Selected Artemis III Candidate Landing Site Navigational Grids, USGS data release, doi:10.5066/P1MEQ6UK (region squares digitized from LROC QuickMap)","url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/671a6fa8d34efed5620f89f8","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"name":"NASA RELEASE 26-022 (27 Feb 2026): Artemis III becomes a 2027 test in Earth orbit; first landing on Artemis IV in 2028","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-adds-mission-to-artemis-lunar-program-updates-architecture/","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"artemis-region-nobile-rim-2","name":"Artemis candidate region: Nobile Rim 2","kind":"planned_site","subtype":"candidate_region","lat":-83.976,"lon":57.961,"precision":"region","uncertainty_m":16900,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","sensitivity":["hardware"],"zones":[],"note":"One of NASA's nine candidate crewed landing regions (Oct 2024). NASA published names, not coordinates: the point is the centre we computed from the USGS region square and the circle reaches its corners. Artemis III is now an Earth-orbit test; NASA has not said whether these regions carry over to the first landing (Artemis IV).","sources":[{"name":"NASA (Oct 2024): NASA Provides Update on Artemis III Moon Landing Regions","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-provides-update-on-artemis-iii-moon-landing-regions/","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"usgs-artemis-iii-regions","name":"McClernan, M.T. (2024) Down Selected Artemis III Candidate Landing Site Navigational Grids, USGS data release, doi:10.5066/P1MEQ6UK (region squares digitized from LROC QuickMap)","url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/671a6fa8d34efed5620f89f8","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"name":"NASA RELEASE 26-022 (27 Feb 2026): Artemis III becomes a 2027 test in Earth orbit; first landing on Artemis IV in 2028","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-adds-mission-to-artemis-lunar-program-updates-architecture/","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"artemis-region-peak-near-cabeus-b","name":"Artemis candidate region: Peak Near Cabeus B","kind":"planned_site","subtype":"candidate_region","lat":-83.552,"lon":-68.416,"precision":"region","uncertainty_m":16900,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","sensitivity":["hardware"],"zones":[],"note":"One of NASA's nine candidate crewed landing regions (Oct 2024). NASA published names, not coordinates: the point is the centre we computed from the USGS region square and the circle reaches its corners. Artemis III is now an Earth-orbit test; NASA has not said whether these regions carry over to the first landing (Artemis IV).","sources":[{"name":"NASA (Oct 2024): NASA Provides Update on Artemis III Moon Landing Regions","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-provides-update-on-artemis-iii-moon-landing-regions/","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"usgs-artemis-iii-regions","name":"McClernan, M.T. (2024) Down Selected Artemis III Candidate Landing Site Navigational Grids, USGS data release, doi:10.5066/P1MEQ6UK (region squares digitized from LROC QuickMap)","url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/671a6fa8d34efed5620f89f8","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"name":"NASA RELEASE 26-022 (27 Feb 2026): Artemis III becomes a 2027 test in Earth orbit; first landing on Artemis IV in 2028","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-adds-mission-to-artemis-lunar-program-updates-architecture/","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"artemis-region-slater-plain","name":"Artemis candidate region: Slater Plain","kind":"planned_site","subtype":"candidate_region","lat":-87.256,"lon":125.218,"precision":"region","uncertainty_m":17000,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","sensitivity":["hardware"],"zones":[],"note":"One of NASA's nine candidate crewed landing regions (Oct 2024). NASA published names, not coordinates: the point is the centre we computed from the USGS region square and the circle reaches its corners. Artemis III is now an Earth-orbit test; NASA has not said whether these regions carry over to the first landing (Artemis IV).","sources":[{"name":"NASA (Oct 2024): NASA Provides Update on Artemis III Moon Landing Regions","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-provides-update-on-artemis-iii-moon-landing-regions/","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"usgs-artemis-iii-regions","name":"McClernan, M.T. (2024) Down Selected Artemis III Candidate Landing Site Navigational Grids, USGS data release, doi:10.5066/P1MEQ6UK (region squares digitized from LROC QuickMap)","url":"https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/671a6fa8d34efed5620f89f8","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"name":"NASA RELEASE 26-022 (27 Feb 2026): Artemis III becomes a 2027 test in Earth orbit; first landing on Artemis IV in 2028","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-adds-mission-to-artemis-lunar-program-updates-architecture/","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"blue-ghost-m2","name":"Blue Ghost Mission 2 (with Elytra Dark and ESA Lunar Pathfinder): Near Nassau crater, far side (target region; landing coordinates not published)","kind":"planned_site","subtype":"candidate_region","lat":-24.91,"lon":177.34,"precision":"region","uncertainty_m":38000,"operator":"Firefly Aerospace","country":"US","mission_id":"blue-ghost-m2","sensitivity":["hardware"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"firefly-bgm2","name":"Firefly Aerospace: Blue Ghost + Elytra: Lunar Far Side","url":"https://fireflyspace.com/missions/blue-ghost-mission-2/","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"aerospaceamerica-2026-09-15","name":"Aerospace America, 15 Sep 2026: NASA expects one lunar launch this year, Moon Base manager says","url":"https://aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org/nasa-expects-one-lunar-launch-this-year-moon-base-manager-says/","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nasa-moonbase-2026-08-04","name":"NASA, 4 Aug 2026: NASA provides updates on Moon Base cargo landers, tech demonstrations","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/missions/moon-base/nasa-provides-updates-on-moon-base-cargo-landers-tech-demonstrations/","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"iau-4159","name":"IAU/USGS Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Nassau (feature 4159)","url":"https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/4159","checked":"2026-10-13"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"blue-moon-mk1-pathfinder","name":"Blue Moon Mark 1 Pathfinder (\"Endurance\"): Shackleton connecting ridge, south pole (target region; landing coordinates not published)","kind":"planned_site","subtype":"candidate_region","lat":-89.5,"lon":-135.2,"precision":"region","uncertainty_m":10000,"operator":"Blue Origin","country":"US","mission_id":"blue-moon-mk1-pathfinder","sensitivity":["hardware"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"aerospaceamerica-2026-09-15","name":"Aerospace America, 15 Sep 2026: NASA expects one lunar launch this year, Moon Base manager says","url":"https://aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org/nasa-expects-one-lunar-launch-this-year-moon-base-manager-says/","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nasa-moonbase-2026-08-04","name":"NASA, 4 Aug 2026: NASA provides updates on Moon Base cargo landers, tech demonstrations","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/missions/moon-base/nasa-provides-updates-on-moon-base-cargo-landers-tech-demonstrations/","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nasa-mk1-event","name":"NASA event page (updated 22 Sep 2026): CLPS flight, Blue Origin's Blue Moon Mark 1","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/event/clps-flight-blue-origins-blue-moon-mark-1/","checked":"2026-10-13"},{"id":"nasa-moonbase-2026-05","name":"NASA, May 2026: NASA provides update on Moon Base rovers, landers, missions","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-provides-update-on-moon-base-rovers-landers-missions/","checked":"2026-10-13"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"griffin-1","name":"Griffin Mission One: Nobile crater region, near the south pole (target region; landing coordinates not published)","kind":"planned_site","subtype":"candidate_region","lat":-85.28,"lon":53.27,"precision":"region","uncertainty_m":40000,"operator":"Voyager Technologies (formerly Astrobotic)","country":"US","mission_id":"griffin-1","sensitivity":["hardware"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"aerospaceamerica-2026-09-15","name":"Aerospace America, 15 Sep 2026: NASA expects one lunar launch this year, Moon Base manager says","url":"https://aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org/nasa-expects-one-lunar-launch-this-year-moon-base-manager-says/","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nasa-moonbase-2026-08-04","name":"NASA, 4 Aug 2026: NASA provides updates on Moon Base cargo landers, tech demonstrations","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/missions/moon-base/nasa-provides-updates-on-moon-base-cargo-landers-tech-demonstrations/","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nasa-griffin-2026-10-13","name":"NASA, 13 Oct 2026: NASA JPL testing readies Voyager Technologies lander for Moon mission","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/missions/moon-base/nasa-jpl-testing-readies-voyager-technologies-lander-for-moon-mission/","checked":"2026-10-13"},{"id":"iau-4321","name":"IAU/USGS Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Nobile (feature 4321)","url":"https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/4321","checked":"2026-10-13"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"im-3","name":"IM-3 (Nova-C \"Trinity\"): Reiner Gamma lunar swirl, near the northern edge of its central bright oval (science target)","kind":"planned_site","subtype":"landing_target","lat":7.585,"lon":-58.725,"precision":"target","operator":"Intuitive Machines","country":"US","mission_id":"im-3","sensitivity":["hardware"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"aerospaceamerica-2026-09-15","name":"Aerospace America, 15 Sep 2026: NASA expects one lunar launch this year, Moon Base manager says","url":"https://aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org/nasa-expects-one-lunar-launch-this-year-moon-base-manager-says/","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nasa-moonbase-2026-08-04","name":"NASA, 4 Aug 2026: NASA provides updates on Moon Base cargo landers, tech demonstrations","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/missions/moon-base/nasa-provides-updates-on-moon-base-cargo-landers-tech-demonstrations/","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"egu24-21717","name":"Vines, Ho, Blewett et al. (2024), EGU24-21717: Lunar Vertex at Reiner Gamma","url":"https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU24/EGU24-21717.html","checked":"2026-10-13"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"im-4","name":"IM-4 (Nova-C): Mons Mouton, south pole (target region; landing coordinates not published)","kind":"planned_site","subtype":"candidate_region","lat":-84.6,"lon":31,"precision":"region","uncertainty_m":65000,"operator":"Intuitive Machines","country":"US","mission_id":"im-4","sensitivity":["hardware"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"nasa-clps-deliveries","name":"NASA Science: CLPS deliveries (page updated 6 May 2026)","url":"https://science.nasa.gov/lunar-science/clps-deliveries/","checked":"2026-10-13"},{"id":"iau-16070","name":"IAU/USGS Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: Mons Mouton (feature 16070)","url":"https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/16070","checked":"2026-10-13"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-13T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"apollo-11-lrrr","name":"Apollo 11 laser ranging retroreflector","kind":"active_asset","subtype":"retroreflector","lat":0.6734487,"lon":23.47307,"precision":"measured","operator":"NASA","country":"US","date":"1969-07-21","sensitivity":["optics","hardware"],"zones":[{"id":"apollo-11-lrrr-nasa-drive-boundary","type":"visit_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":10,"label":"NASA-recommended slow-driving boundary around the retroreflector","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Rovers drive slowly inside 10 m; no entry inside 1 m."}],"note":"Passive corner-cube array still ranged from Earth for lunar laser ranging; dust coating lowers its return.","sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS RDR shapefile (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103); retroreflector coordinates are from laser ranging","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"ilrs-lunar","name":"ILRS: Lunar laser ranging (page modified 2026-09-30)","url":"https://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/scienceContributions/lunar.html","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","mission_id":"apollo-11"},{"id":"apollo-14-lrrr","name":"Apollo 14 laser ranging retroreflector","kind":"active_asset","subtype":"retroreflector","lat":-3.6441667,"lon":-17.4786481,"precision":"measured","operator":"NASA","country":"US","date":"1971-02-05","sensitivity":["optics","hardware"],"zones":[{"id":"apollo-14-lrrr-nasa-drive-boundary","type":"visit_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":10,"label":"NASA-recommended slow-driving boundary around the retroreflector","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Rovers drive slowly inside 10 m; no entry inside 1 m."}],"note":"Passive corner-cube array still ranged from Earth for lunar laser ranging; dust coating lowers its return.","sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS RDR shapefile (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103); retroreflector coordinates are from laser ranging","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"ilrs-lunar","name":"ILRS: Lunar laser ranging (page modified 2026-09-30)","url":"https://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/scienceContributions/lunar.html","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","mission_id":"apollo-14"},{"id":"apollo-15-lrrr","name":"Apollo 15 laser ranging retroreflector","kind":"active_asset","subtype":"retroreflector","lat":26.133405,"lon":3.6285011,"precision":"measured","operator":"NASA","country":"US","date":"1971-07-31","sensitivity":["optics","hardware"],"zones":[{"id":"apollo-15-lrrr-nasa-drive-boundary","type":"visit_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":10,"label":"NASA-recommended slow-driving boundary around the retroreflector","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Rovers drive slowly inside 10 m; no entry inside 1 m."}],"note":"Passive corner-cube array still ranged from Earth for lunar laser ranging; dust coating lowers its return.","sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS RDR shapefile (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103); retroreflector coordinates are from laser ranging","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"ilrs-lunar","name":"ILRS: Lunar laser ranging (page modified 2026-09-30)","url":"https://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/scienceContributions/lunar.html","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","mission_id":"apollo-15"},{"id":"blue-ghost-m1-nglr","name":"Blue Ghost Mission 1: Next Generation Lunar Retroreflector (NGLR-1)","kind":"active_asset","subtype":"retroreflector","lat":18.5622,"lon":61.8102,"precision":"measured","operator":"University of Maryland (on Firefly's Blue Ghost)","country":"US","date":"2025-03-02","sensitivity":["optics","hardware"],"zones":[],"note":"Earth-ranged 100 mm retroreflector; stations in France, Germany and New Mexico reported returns in March 2025.","sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS RDR shapefile (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103); retroreflector coordinates are from laser ranging","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"name":"University of Maryland: Next Generation Lunar Retroreflector","url":"https://www.physics.umd.edu/nglr/","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","mission_id":"blue-ghost-m1"},{"id":"chandrayaan-3-lra","name":"Chandrayaan-3 Vikram: NASA laser retroreflector array","kind":"active_asset","subtype":"retroreflector","lat":-69.3735,"lon":32.3199,"precision":"measured","operator":"NASA (on ISRO's Vikram)","country":"IN","date":"2023-08-23","sensitivity":["optics","hardware"],"zones":[],"note":"Miniature array ranged from orbit by LRO's laser altimeter (December 2023); PGDA lists a nominal deployment.","sources":[{"id":"pgda-mini-lra","name":"NASA PGDA: Lunar retroreflectors on landers (status as of September 2026)","url":"https://pgda.gsfc.nasa.gov/products/101","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"name":"NASA: Laser instrument on LRO pings Indian Moon lander (Jan 2024)","url":"https://science.nasa.gov/missions/lro/laser-instrument-on-nasas-lro-successfully-pings-indian-moon-lander/","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","mission_id":"chandrayaan-3"},{"id":"change-4","name":"Chang'e 4: Von Kármán crater (South Pole-Aitken basin, far side)","kind":"active_asset","subtype":"lander","lat":-45.4562,"lon":177.5885,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":13,"operator":"CNSA","country":"CN","mission_id":"change-4","date":"2019-01-03","sensitivity":["hardware","optics"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-1087","name":"LROC (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University): Chang'e 4 Lander Coordinates","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/1087","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"lroc-1168","name":"LROC (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University): Keeps on Roving!","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/1168","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"planetary-change4","name":"The Planetary Society: Chang'e-4 and Yutu-2","url":"https://www.planetary.org/space-missions/change-4","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"planetary-ce4-liftoff","name":"The Planetary Society (Lakdawalla, 7 Dec 2018): Liftoff for Chang'e 4","url":"https://planetary.org/articles/liftoff-for-change-4","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"cast-6451","name":"CAST (Xinhua): Chang'e-4 lands on far side of the Moon, 3 Jan 2019","url":"https://cast.cn/3g/news/6451","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"change-6-inrri","name":"Chang'e 6 lander: INRRI laser retroreflector","kind":"active_asset","subtype":"retroreflector","lat":-41.6383,"lon":-153.9857,"precision":"measured","operator":"INFN / ASI (on CNSA's Chang'e 6 lander)","country":"CN","date":"2024-06-01","sensitivity":["optics","hardware"],"zones":[],"note":"Italian passive array on the lander deck, ranged from orbit by LRO's laser altimeter.","sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS RDR shapefile (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103); retroreflector coordinates are from laser ranging","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"name":"NASA PGDA: LRO orbit determination with lunar retroreflectors (Cascioli et al. 2025, PSJ)","url":"https://pgda.gsfc.nasa.gov/products/100","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","mission_id":"change-6"},{"id":"lunokhod-1-reflector","name":"Lunokhod 1 laser retroreflector","kind":"active_asset","subtype":"retroreflector","lat":38.3151705,"lon":-35.0079815,"precision":"measured","operator":"Lavochkin design bureau (USSR)","country":"SU","date":"1970-11-17","sensitivity":["optics","hardware"],"zones":[],"note":"Passive corner-cube array still ranged from Earth for lunar laser ranging; dust coating lowers its return. Ranged regularly again since its rediscovery in 2010.","sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS RDR shapefile (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103); retroreflector coordinates are from laser ranging","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"ilrs-lunar","name":"ILRS: Lunar laser ranging (page modified 2026-09-30)","url":"https://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/scienceContributions/lunar.html","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","mission_id":"lunokhod-1"},{"id":"lunokhod-2-reflector","name":"Lunokhod 2 laser retroreflector","kind":"active_asset","subtype":"retroreflector","lat":25.8323185,"lon":30.9221468,"precision":"measured","operator":"Lavochkin design bureau (USSR)","country":"SU","date":"1973-01-15","sensitivity":["optics","hardware"],"zones":[],"note":"Passive corner-cube array still ranged from Earth for lunar laser ranging; dust coating lowers its return.","sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS RDR shapefile (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103); retroreflector coordinates are from laser ranging","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-17"},{"id":"ilrs-lunar","name":"ILRS: Lunar laser ranging (page modified 2026-09-30)","url":"https://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/scienceContributions/lunar.html","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","mission_id":"lunokhod-2"},{"id":"slim-lra","name":"SLIM: NASA laser retroreflector array","kind":"active_asset","subtype":"retroreflector","lat":-13.31549,"lon":25.24889,"precision":"measured","operator":"NASA (on JAXA's SLIM)","country":"JP","date":"2024-01-19","sensitivity":["optics","hardware"],"zones":[],"note":"Miniature array ranged from orbit by LRO's laser altimeter; PGDA lists an off-nominal deployment (SLIM landed inverted).","sources":[{"id":"pgda-mini-lra","name":"NASA PGDA: Lunar retroreflectors on landers (status as of September 2026)","url":"https://pgda.gsfc.nasa.gov/products/101","checked":"2026-10-17"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","mission_id":"slim"},{"id":"apollo-11","name":"Apollo 11: Mare Tranquillitatis (Tranquility Base)","kind":"heritage","subtype":"crewed_landing","lat":0.67416,"lon":23.47314,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":0.3,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","mission_id":"apollo-11","date":"1969-07-20","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[{"id":"apollo-11-nasa-landing-boundary","type":"landing_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":2000,"label":"NASA-recommended landing boundary for U.S. heritage sites","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Target touchdown no closer than this, or 3-sigma of the landing uncertainty if larger; descent paths stay tangential to it. The guidance is voluntary for non-NASA missions."},{"id":"apollo-11-nasa-visit-boundary","type":"visit_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":75,"label":"NASA-recommended artifact boundary","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Visitors (people or rovers) stay outside this distance from the descent stage. The guidance is voluntary for non-NASA missions."}],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1969-059a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 11 Command and Service Module (1969-059A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-059A","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1969-059c","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 11 Lunar Module (1969-059C)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-059C","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"apollo-12","name":"Apollo 12: Oceanus Procellarum","kind":"heritage","subtype":"crewed_landing","lat":-3.0128,"lon":-23.4219,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":2.2,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","mission_id":"apollo-12","date":"1969-11-19","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[{"id":"apollo-12-nasa-landing-boundary","type":"landing_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":2000,"label":"NASA-recommended landing boundary for U.S. heritage sites","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Target touchdown no closer than this, or 3-sigma of the landing uncertainty if larger; descent paths stay tangential to it. The guidance is voluntary for non-NASA missions."}],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1969-099a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 12 Command and Service Module (1969-099A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-099A","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1969-099c","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 12 Lunar Module (1969-099C)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-099C","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"apollo-14","name":"Apollo 14: Hilly uplands north of Fra Mauro crater","kind":"heritage","subtype":"crewed_landing","lat":-3.64589,"lon":-17.47194,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":0.4,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","mission_id":"apollo-14","date":"1971-02-05","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[{"id":"apollo-14-nasa-landing-boundary","type":"landing_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":2000,"label":"NASA-recommended landing boundary for U.S. heritage sites","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Target touchdown no closer than this, or 3-sigma of the landing uncertainty if larger; descent paths stay tangential to it. The guidance is voluntary for non-NASA missions."}],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1971-008a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 14 Command and Service Module (1971-008A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-008A","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1971-008c","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 14 Lunar Module (1971-008C)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-008C","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"apollo-15-lrv","name":"Apollo 15 Lunar Roving Vehicle: Mare Imbrium, foot of the Apennine mountains (Hadley-Apennine) (final parked position)","kind":"heritage","subtype":"rover","lat":26.13174,"lon":3.63803,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":0.5,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","mission_id":"apollo-15-lrv","date":"1971-07-30","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[{"id":"apollo-15-lrv-nasa-landing-boundary","type":"landing_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":2000,"label":"NASA-recommended landing boundary for U.S. heritage sites","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Target touchdown no closer than this, or 3-sigma of the landing uncertainty if larger; descent paths stay tangential to it. The guidance is voluntary for non-NASA missions."}],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1971-063c","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 15 Lunar Module (1971-063C)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-063C","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1971-063a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 15 Command and Service Module (1971-063A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-063A","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"apollo-15","name":"Apollo 15: Mare Imbrium, foot of the Apennine mountains (Hadley-Apennine)","kind":"heritage","subtype":"crewed_landing","lat":26.13239,"lon":3.6333,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":1,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","mission_id":"apollo-15","date":"1971-07-30","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[{"id":"apollo-15-nasa-landing-boundary","type":"landing_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":2000,"label":"NASA-recommended landing boundary for U.S. heritage sites","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Target touchdown no closer than this, or 3-sigma of the landing uncertainty if larger; descent paths stay tangential to it. The guidance is voluntary for non-NASA missions."}],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1971-063a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 15 Command and Service Module (1971-063A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-063A","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1971-063c","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 15 Lunar Module (1971-063C)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1971-063C","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"apollo-16-lrv","name":"Apollo 16 Lunar Roving Vehicle: Descartes highlands (final parked position)","kind":"heritage","subtype":"rover","lat":-8.9729,"lon":15.5037,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":3.7,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","mission_id":"apollo-16-lrv","date":"1972-04-21","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[{"id":"apollo-16-lrv-nasa-landing-boundary","type":"landing_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":2000,"label":"NASA-recommended landing boundary for U.S. heritage sites","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Target touchdown no closer than this, or 3-sigma of the landing uncertainty if larger; descent paths stay tangential to it. The guidance is voluntary for non-NASA missions."}],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1972-031c","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 16 Lunar Module (1972-031C)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-031C","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1972-031a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 16 Command and Service Module (1972-031A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-031A","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"apollo-16","name":"Apollo 16: Descartes highlands","kind":"heritage","subtype":"crewed_landing","lat":-8.9734,"lon":15.5011,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":3,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","mission_id":"apollo-16","date":"1972-04-21","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[{"id":"apollo-16-nasa-landing-boundary","type":"landing_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":2000,"label":"NASA-recommended landing boundary for U.S. heritage sites","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Target touchdown no closer than this, or 3-sigma of the landing uncertainty if larger; descent paths stay tangential to it. The guidance is voluntary for non-NASA missions."}],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1972-031a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 16 Command and Service Module (1972-031A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-031A","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1972-031c","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 16 Lunar Module (1972-031C)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-031C","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"apollo-17-lrv","name":"Apollo 17 Lunar Roving Vehicle: Taurus-Littrow valley (final parked position)","kind":"heritage","subtype":"rover","lat":20.1896,"lon":30.7769,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":3.2,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","mission_id":"apollo-17-lrv","date":"1972-12-11","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[{"id":"apollo-17-lrv-nasa-landing-boundary","type":"landing_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":2000,"label":"NASA-recommended landing boundary for U.S. heritage sites","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Target touchdown no closer than this, or 3-sigma of the landing uncertainty if larger; descent paths stay tangential to it. The guidance is voluntary for non-NASA missions."}],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1972-096c","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 17 Lunar Module (1972-096C)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-096C","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1972-096a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 17 Command and Service Module (1972-096A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-096A","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"apollo-17","name":"Apollo 17: Taurus-Littrow valley","kind":"heritage","subtype":"crewed_landing","lat":20.1911,"lon":30.7723,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":3.5,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","mission_id":"apollo-17","date":"1972-12-11","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[{"id":"apollo-17-nasa-landing-boundary","type":"landing_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":2000,"label":"NASA-recommended landing boundary for U.S. heritage sites","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Target touchdown no closer than this, or 3-sigma of the landing uncertainty if larger; descent paths stay tangential to it. The guidance is voluntary for non-NASA missions."},{"id":"apollo-17-nasa-visit-boundary","type":"visit_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":225,"label":"NASA-recommended artifact boundary","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Visitors (people or rovers) stay outside this distance from the descent stage. The guidance is voluntary for non-NASA missions."}],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1972-096a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 17 Command and Service Module (1972-096A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-096A","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1972-096c","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Apollo 17 Lunar Module (1972-096C)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-096C","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"beresheet","name":"Beresheet: Mare Serenitatis (impact site)","kind":"heritage","subtype":"impact_site","lat":32.5956,"lon":19.3496,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":20,"operator":"SpaceIL / Israel Aerospace Industries","country":"IL","mission_id":"beresheet","date":"2019-04-11","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-1101","name":"LROC (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University): Beresheet Crash Site Spotted!","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/1101","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"planetary-beresheet","name":"The Planetary Society: Beresheet comes close, crashes","url":"https://planetary.org/articles/beresheet-comes-close-crashes","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"blue-ghost-m1","name":"Blue Ghost Mission 1 \"Ghost Riders in the Sky\": Near Mons Latreille, Mare Crisium","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":18.5623,"lon":61.8103,"precision":"measured","operator":"Firefly Aerospace","country":"US","mission_id":"blue-ghost-m1","date":"2025-03-02","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"firefly-bgm1-live","name":"Firefly Aerospace: Blue Ghost Mission 1 live updates","url":"https://fireflyspace.com/news/blue-ghost-mission-1-live-updates/","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"lroc-1407","name":"LROC (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University): Blue Ghost Lunar Lander Seen From Above","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/1407","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"lroc-1406","name":"LROC (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University): Blue Ghost Seen Obliquely","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/1406","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"vikram-ch2","name":"Chandrayaan-2 Vikram lander: Impact site and debris field, south polar highlands","kind":"heritage","subtype":"impact_site","lat":-70.881,"lon":22.784,"precision":"measured","operator":"ISRO","country":"IN","mission_id":"vikram-ch2","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-1131","name":"LROC (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University): Vikram Lander Found","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/1131","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"ut-vikram","name":"Universe Today: Chandrayaan 2 mission loses contact with Vikram lander during descent","url":"https://www.universetoday.com/articles/chandrayaan-2-mission-loses-contact-with-vikram-lander-during-descent","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"horizons-152","name":"JPL Horizons spacecraft header, Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter (-152)","url":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/api/horizons.api?format=text&COMMAND=%27-152%27&MAKE_EPHEM=NO","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"chandrayaan-3","name":"Chandrayaan-3 Vikram lander: Statio Shiv Shakti, south polar highlands","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":-69.3741,"lon":32.32,"precision":"measured","operator":"ISRO","country":"IN","mission_id":"chandrayaan-3","date":"2023-08-23","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-1314","name":"LROC (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University): Chandrayaan-3 Landing Site","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/1314","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"isro-ch3","name":"ISRO Chandrayaan-3 mission page","url":"https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3_Details.html","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"air-ch3-sleep","name":"All India Radio: Vikram lander put into sleep mode","url":"https://www.newsonair.gov.in/vikram-lander-of-chandrayan-3-put-into-sleep-mode-hopes-for-its-awakening-on-22nd-september-isro","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"horizons-158","name":"JPL Horizons spacecraft header, Chandrayaan-3 Lander (-158)","url":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/api/horizons.api?format=text&COMMAND=%27-158%27&MAKE_EPHEM=NO","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"cgi-vladivostok-ch3","name":"Consulate General of India, Vladivostok (MEA) press release: Chandrayaan-3 successfully lands","url":"https://www.cgivladi.gov.in/section/press-releases/chandrayaan-3-successfully-lands-embarking-india-on-a-new-lunar-odyssey/","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"change-3","name":"Chang'e 3: Mare Imbrium","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":44.1214,"lon":-19.5117,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":9.1,"operator":"CNSA","country":"CN","mission_id":"change-3","date":"2013-12-14","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"siddiqi-beyond-earth-2018","name":"Siddiqi, A. A. (2018) Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958-2016, NASA SP-2018-4041","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-lunar-timeline","name":"NSSDCA, Lunar Exploration Timeline","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunartimeline.html","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"lroc-images-637","name":"LROC: Chang'e 3 Lander and Rover From Above","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/637","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-2013-070a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Chang'e 3 (2013-070A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-070A","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"change-5","name":"Chang'e 5: Northern Oceanus Procellarum near Mons Rümker","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":43.0576,"lon":-51.9161,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":20,"operator":"CNSA","country":"CN","mission_id":"change-5","date":"2020-12-01","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-1172","name":"LROC (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University): First Look: Chang'e 5","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/1172","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"cast-6889","name":"CAST (Xinhua): Chang'e-5 launch, 24 Nov 2020","url":"https://cast.cn/3g/news/6889","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"collectspace-ce5-return","name":"collectSPACE, 16 Dec 2020: Chang'e 5 return capsule lands","url":"https://www.collectspace.com/news/news-121620a-china-chang'e5-moon-sample-return.html","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"naoc-ce5-1731g","name":"NAOC/CAS (Xinhua), Dec 2020: China's Chang'e-5 retrieves 1,731 grams of moon samples","url":"https://english.nao.cas.cn/ne2015/News2015/202012/t20201221_260671.html","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"change-6","name":"Chang'e 6: Southern Apollo basin, far side (South Pole-Aitken basin)","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":-41.6385,"lon":-153.9852,"precision":"measured","operator":"CNSA","country":"CN","mission_id":"change-6","date":"2024-06-01","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-1374","name":"LROC (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University): First Look: Chang'e 6","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/1374","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"aviationweek-ce6-launch","name":"Aviation Week, 3 May 2024: China Launches Chang'e 6 For Moon Sample Mission","url":"https://aviationweek.com/defense-space/space/china-launches-change-6-moon-sample-mission","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"sciam-ce6-landing","name":"Scientific American, 1 Jun 2024: China's Chang'e 6 Probe Lands on Far Side of the Moon","url":"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/chinas-change-6-probe-lands-on-far-side-of-the-moon/","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"xinhua-ce6-return","name":"Xinhua (via Gansu provincial government), 25 Jun 2024: Chang'e-6 brings back first samples from moon's far side","url":"https://ydyl.gansu.gov.cn/enggsydyl/news/topnews/202406/t20240625_20564.html","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"chinanews-ce6-1935g","name":"China News Service, 28 Jun 2024: Chang'e-6 returned 1935.3 g of lunar samples","url":"https://www.chinanews.com.cn/gn/2024/06-28/10242075.shtml","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"hakuto-r-m1","name":"HAKUTO-R Mission 1: Atlas crater region (impact site)","kind":"heritage","subtype":"impact_site","lat":47.581,"lon":44.094,"precision":"measured","operator":"ispace","country":"JP","mission_id":"hakuto-r-m1","date":"2023-04-25","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-1302","name":"LROC (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University): Impact Site of the HAKUTO-R Mission 1 Lunar Lander","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/1302","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"smallsatnews-hakuto-m1","name":"SmallSat News, 11 Dec 2022: ispace's HAKUTO-R Mission 1 successfully launched by SpaceX","url":"https://smallsatnews.com/2022/12/11/update-2-ispaces-hakutor-r-mission-1-successfully-launched-by-spacex/","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"hakuto-r-m2","name":"HAKUTO-R Mission 2 RESILIENCE: Mare Frigoris (impact site)","kind":"heritage","subtype":"impact_site","lat":60.4445,"lon":-4.588,"precision":"measured","operator":"ispace","country":"JP","mission_id":"hakuto-r-m2","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-1456","name":"LROC (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University): ispace Mission 2 SMBC x HAKUTO-R Venture Moon Impact Site","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/1456","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nasa-lro-resilience","name":"NASA: NASA's LRO views ispace HAKUTO-R Mission 2 Moon lander impact site","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/missions/lro/nasas-lro-views-ispace-hakuto-r-mission-2-moon-lander-impact-site/","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"ispace-m2-update1","name":"ispace press release, 6 June 2025 (Mission 2 update)","url":"https://ispace-inc.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/20250606-Update-1.pdf","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"ispace-m2-loi","name":"ispace via Business Wire, 7 May 2025: lunar orbit insertion","url":"https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250506576042/en","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"im-1","name":"IM-1 Odysseus: Near Malapert A crater, south polar region (landed tilted)","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":-80.13,"lon":1.44,"precision":"measured","operator":"Intuitive Machines","country":"US","mission_id":"im-1","date":"2024-02-22","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-1360","name":"LROC (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University): Intuitive Machines IM-1 On The Moon!","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/1360","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"lroc-1321","name":"LROC (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University): IM-1 Landing Region","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/1321","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"sciam-im1-launch","name":"Scientific American, 15 Feb 2024: Second Private U.S. Lander Launches to the Moon","url":"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/second-private-u-s-lander-launches-to-the-moon","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"im-2","name":"IM-2 Athena: Mons Mouton plateau, inside a ~20 m crater (landed on its side)","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":-84.7906,"lon":29.1957,"precision":"measured","operator":"Intuitive Machines","country":"US","mission_id":"im-2","date":"2025-03-06","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-1408","name":"LROC (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University): IM-2 Athena Seen Obliquely","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/1408","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"lroc-1401","name":"LROC (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University): IM-2 Landing Region","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/1401","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nasa-im2-end","name":"NASA news release: NASA receives some data before Intuitive Machines ends lunar mission","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-receives-some-data-before-intuitive-machines-ends-lunar-mission/","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"jpl-trailblazer-end","name":"NASA JPL: NASA's Lunar Trailblazer moon mission ends (gives shared launch time)","url":"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-lunar-trailblazer-moon-mission-ends/","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"luna-13","name":"Luna 13: Oceanus Procellarum","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":18.87,"lon":-62.05,"precision":"measured","operator":"Lavochkin design bureau (USSR)","country":"SU","mission_id":"luna-13","date":"1966-12-24","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"siddiqi-beyond-earth-2018","name":"Siddiqi, A. A. (2018) Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958-2016, NASA SP-2018-4041","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-lunarussr","name":"NSSDCA, Soviet Lunar Missions summary page (D. R. Williams)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunarussr.html","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1966-116a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Luna 13 (1966-116A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-116A","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"luna-16","name":"Luna 16: Mare Fecunditatis","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":-0.5137,"lon":56.3638,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":3.7,"operator":"Lavochkin design bureau (USSR)","country":"SU","mission_id":"luna-16","date":"1970-09-20","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"siddiqi-beyond-earth-2018","name":"Siddiqi, A. A. (2018) Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958-2016, NASA SP-2018-4041","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-lunarussr","name":"NSSDCA, Soviet Lunar Missions summary page (D. R. Williams)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunarussr.html","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1970-072a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Luna 16 (1970-072A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-072A","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"luna-17","name":"Luna 17: Mare Imbrium","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":38.23764,"lon":-35.00163,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":0.5,"operator":"Lavochkin design bureau (USSR)","country":"SU","mission_id":"luna-17","date":"1970-11-17","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"siddiqi-beyond-earth-2018","name":"Siddiqi, A. A. (2018) Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958-2016, NASA SP-2018-4041","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-lunarussr","name":"NSSDCA, Soviet Lunar Missions summary page (D. R. Williams)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunarussr.html","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1970-095a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Luna 17 (1970-095A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-095A","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"luna-20","name":"Luna 20: Highlands between Mare Fecunditatis and Mare Crisium","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":3.7863,"lon":56.6242,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":4.3,"operator":"Lavochkin design bureau (USSR)","country":"SU","mission_id":"luna-20","date":"1972-02-21","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"siddiqi-beyond-earth-2018","name":"Siddiqi, A. A. (2018) Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958-2016, NASA SP-2018-4041","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-lunarussr","name":"NSSDCA, Soviet Lunar Missions summary page (D. R. Williams)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunarussr.html","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1972-007a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Luna 20 (1972-007A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1972-007A","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"luna-21","name":"Luna 21: Le Monnier crater","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":25.9994,"lon":30.4076,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":13.4,"operator":"Lavochkin design bureau (USSR)","country":"SU","mission_id":"luna-21","date":"1973-01-15","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"siddiqi-beyond-earth-2018","name":"Siddiqi, A. A. (2018) Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958-2016, NASA SP-2018-4041","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-lunarussr","name":"NSSDCA, Soviet Lunar Missions summary page (D. R. Williams)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunarussr.html","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1973-001a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Luna 21 (1973-001A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-001A","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"luna-23","name":"Luna 23: Mare Crisium","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":12.6667,"lon":62.1511,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":3,"operator":"Lavochkin design bureau (USSR)","country":"SU","mission_id":"luna-23","date":"1974-11-06","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"siddiqi-beyond-earth-2018","name":"Siddiqi, A. A. (2018) Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958-2016, NASA SP-2018-4041","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-lunarussr","name":"NSSDCA, Soviet Lunar Missions summary page (D. R. Williams)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunarussr.html","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1974-084a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Luna 23 (1974-084A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1974-084A","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"luna-24","name":"Luna 24: Mare Crisium","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":12.7142,"lon":62.2129,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":3.7,"operator":"Lavochkin design bureau (USSR)","country":"SU","mission_id":"luna-24","date":"1976-08-18","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"siddiqi-beyond-earth-2018","name":"Siddiqi, A. A. (2018) Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958-2016, NASA SP-2018-4041","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-lunarussr","name":"NSSDCA, Soviet Lunar Missions summary page (D. R. Williams)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunarussr.html","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1976-081a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Luna 24 (1976-081A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1976-081A","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"luna-25","name":"Luna 25: Inner rim of Pontecoulant G crater (impact crater)","kind":"heritage","subtype":"impact_site","lat":-57.865,"lon":61.36,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":40,"operator":"Roscosmos","country":"RU","mission_id":"luna-25","date":"2023-08-19","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-1311","name":"LROC (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University): Luna 25 Impact Crater","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/1311","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"meduza-luna25-launch","name":"Meduza, 11 Aug 2023: Roscosmos sends Luna-25 to the Moon","url":"https://meduza.io/en/news/2023/08/11/roscosmos-euphoric-as-russia-sends-first-mission-to-moon-in-nearly-50-years-luna-25-lander-to-reach-lunar-south-pole-by-august-21","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"luna-9","name":"Luna 9: Oceanus Procellarum","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":7.08,"lon":-64.37,"precision":"measured","operator":"Lavochkin design bureau (USSR)","country":"SU","mission_id":"luna-9","date":"1966-02-03","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"siddiqi-beyond-earth-2018","name":"Siddiqi, A. A. (2018) Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958-2016, NASA SP-2018-4041","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-lunarussr","name":"NSSDCA, Soviet Lunar Missions summary page (D. R. Williams)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunarussr.html","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1966-006a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Luna 9 (1966-006A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-006A","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"lunokhod-1","name":"Lunokhod 1: Mare Imbrium (final parked position)","kind":"heritage","subtype":"rover","lat":38.3151705,"lon":-35.0079815,"precision":"measured","operator":"Lavochkin design bureau (USSR)","country":"SU","mission_id":"lunokhod-1","date":"1970-11-17","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"siddiqi-beyond-earth-2018","name":"Siddiqi, A. A. (2018) Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958-2016, NASA SP-2018-4041","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1970-095a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Luna 17 (1970-095A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1970-095A","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"lunokhod-2","name":"Lunokhod 2: Le Monnier crater (final parked position)","kind":"heritage","subtype":"rover","lat":25.8323185,"lon":30.9221468,"precision":"measured","operator":"Lavochkin design bureau (USSR)","country":"SU","mission_id":"lunokhod-2","date":"1973-01-15","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"siddiqi-beyond-earth-2018","name":"Siddiqi, A. A. (2018) Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space Exploration, 1958-2016, NASA SP-2018-4041","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/beyond-earth-tagged.pdf","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1973-001a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Luna 21 (1973-001A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1973-001A","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"slim","name":"SLIM (Smart Lander for Investigating Moon): Near Shioli crater (landed inverted)","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":-13.316,"lon":25.251,"precision":"measured","operator":"JAXA","country":"JP","mission_id":"slim","date":"2024-01-19","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-1358","name":"LROC (NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University): JAXA SLIM Landing","url":"https://lroc.im-ldi.com/images/1358","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"afp-slim-end","name":"AFP via Solar Energy News: Japan's space agency ends Moon probe operation","url":"https://www.solardaily.com/reports/Japans_space_agency_ends_Moon_probe_operation_999.html","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"horizons-240","name":"JPL Horizons spacecraft header, SLIM (-240)","url":"https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/api/horizons.api?format=text&COMMAND=%27-240%27&MAKE_EPHEM=NO","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"surveyor-1","name":"Surveyor 1: Oceanus Procellarum, north of Flamsteed crater","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":-2.4745,"lon":-43.3398,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":5.4,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","mission_id":"surveyor-1","date":"1966-06-02","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[{"id":"surveyor-1-nasa-landing-boundary","type":"landing_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":2000,"label":"NASA-recommended landing boundary for U.S. heritage sites","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Target touchdown no closer than this, or 3-sigma of the landing uncertainty if larger; descent paths stay tangential to it. The guidance is voluntary for non-NASA missions."}],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1966-045a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Surveyor 1 (1966-045A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1966-045A","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-surveyor","name":"NSSDCA, Surveyor (1966-1968) summary page (D. R. Williams)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/surveyor.html","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"surveyor-3","name":"Surveyor 3: Oceanus Procellarum","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":-3.0162,"lon":-23.418,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":2.6,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","mission_id":"surveyor-3","date":"1967-04-20","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[{"id":"surveyor-3-nasa-landing-boundary","type":"landing_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":2000,"label":"NASA-recommended landing boundary for U.S. heritage sites","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Target touchdown no closer than this, or 3-sigma of the landing uncertainty if larger; descent paths stay tangential to it. The guidance is voluntary for non-NASA missions."}],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1967-035a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Surveyor 3 (1967-035A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-035A","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-surveyor","name":"NSSDCA, Surveyor (1966-1968) summary page (D. R. Williams)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/surveyor.html","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"surveyor-5","name":"Surveyor 5: Mare Tranquillitatis","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":1.4551,"lon":23.1942,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":9.4,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","mission_id":"surveyor-5","date":"1967-09-11","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[{"id":"surveyor-5-nasa-landing-boundary","type":"landing_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":2000,"label":"NASA-recommended landing boundary for U.S. heritage sites","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Target touchdown no closer than this, or 3-sigma of the landing uncertainty if larger; descent paths stay tangential to it. The guidance is voluntary for non-NASA missions."}],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1967-084a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Surveyor 5 (1967-084A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-084A","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-surveyor","name":"NSSDCA, Surveyor (1966-1968) summary page (D. R. Williams)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/surveyor.html","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"surveyor-6","name":"Surveyor 6: Sinus Medii","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":0.4743,"lon":-1.4275,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":6.6,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","mission_id":"surveyor-6","date":"1967-11-10","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[{"id":"surveyor-6-nasa-landing-boundary","type":"landing_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":2000,"label":"NASA-recommended landing boundary for U.S. heritage sites","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Target touchdown no closer than this, or 3-sigma of the landing uncertainty if larger; descent paths stay tangential to it. The guidance is voluntary for non-NASA missions."}],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1967-112a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Surveyor 6 (1967-112A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1967-112A","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-surveyor","name":"NSSDCA, Surveyor (1966-1968) summary page (D. R. Williams)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/surveyor.html","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"},{"id":"surveyor-7","name":"Surveyor 7: Tycho crater north rim ejecta","kind":"heritage","subtype":"lander","lat":-40.9811,"lon":-11.5127,"precision":"measured","uncertainty_m":2.7,"operator":"NASA","country":"US","mission_id":"surveyor-7","date":"1968-01-10","sensitivity":["hardware","heritage"],"zones":[{"id":"surveyor-7-nasa-landing-boundary","type":"landing_boundary","basis":"recommended","radius_m":2000,"label":"NASA-recommended landing boundary for U.S. heritage sites","declared_by":"NASA (2011)","source_url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf","note":"Target touchdown no closer than this, or 3-sigma of the landing uncertainty if larger; descent paths stay tangential to it. The guidance is voluntary for non-NASA missions."}],"sources":[{"id":"lroc-anthropogenic-objects","name":"LROC Anthropogenic (man-made) Features on the Moon, PDS LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0 EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS (Wagner et al. 2017, Icarus 283, 92-103)","url":"https://pds.lroc.im-ldi.com/data/LRO-L-LROC-5-RDR-V1.0/LROLRC_2001/EXTRAS/SHAPEFILE/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS/ANTHROPOGENIC_OBJECTS_180.ZIP","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-1968-001a","name":"NSSDCA Master Catalog: Surveyor 7 (1968-001A)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1968-001A","checked":"2026-10-10"},{"id":"nssdca-surveyor","name":"NSSDCA, Surveyor (1966-1968) summary page (D. R. Williams)","url":"https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/surveyor.html","checked":"2026-10-10"}],"last_verified_utc":"2026-10-10T00:00:00Z"}],"provenance":{"sources":[{"id":"hevelius-missions","name":"MoonSnag Mission Watch curated mission records (/contracts/mission.schema.json)","url":"https://github.com/chancekoogler/hevelius/tree/main/services/missions-ingest/curated"},{"id":"nasa-2011","name":"NASA (2011) Recommendations to Space-Faring Entities: How to Protect and Preserve the Historic and Scientific Value of U.S. Government Lunar Artifacts, Rev A","url":"https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/617743main_nasa-usg_lunar_historic_sites_reva-508.pdf"}],"generated_at":"2026-11-01T13:39:05Z","note":"Every entry carries its own sources. Zones are recommended (published guidance) or declared (by the operator); none is invented. No operator has published an Artemis Accords safety zone with coordinates as of the last verification date."}}